146989 20260217205519.0 doi 10.1016/j.ijhydene.2024.09.372 sideral 140398 ART-2024-140398 eng Eveloy, Valerie Comparative energy, emissions and economic assessment of low-carbon iron and steel making processes using imported liquid organic hydrogen carrier options 2024 Hydrogen (H2)-based steel making is expected to become a major driver of intercontinental low-carbon H2 imports. Eight H2 supply scenarios based on either local H2 production at major steel producing locations (Germany/Japan), or liquid H2 carrier (dibenzyltoluene/perhydrodibenzyltiluene, DBT/PDBT) import from the United Arab Emirates, and their integration with H2 direct reduced iron (H-DRI) and electric arc furnace (EAF) processes, are investigated using process modeling. Solar energy-based PDBT import using surplus heat for dehydrogenation is the most cost-competitive H2 import scenario in Germany's case (levelized steel production cost, ∼685 $/tLS, with carbon emissions, ∼237 kgCO2/tLS). In Japan's case this scenario is the most economically favorable of all scenarios (∼736 $/tLS), with emissions (∼350 kgCO2/tLS) comparable to natural gas-DRI-EAF with 50% carbon capture. Steam methane reforming with carbon capture-based PDBT import is neither environmentally nor economically viable. PDBT-based H-DRI-EAF production cost is sensitive to electricity, H2 production, dehydrogenation energy, and carbon costs. info:eu-repo/semantics/closedAccess All rights reserved http://www.europeana.eu/rights/rr-f/ 8.3 2024 CHEMISTRY, PHYSICAL 40 / 185 = 0.216 2024 Q1 T1 ENERGY & FUELS 39 / 182 = 0.214 2024 Q1 T1 ELECTROCHEMISTRY 6 / 44 = 0.136 2024 Q1 T1 1.685 2024 Condensed Matter Physics 2024 Q1 Renewable Energy, Sustainability and the Environment 2024 Q1 Fuel Technology 2024 Q1 Energy Engineering and Power Technology 2024 Q1 13.3 2024 info:eu-repo/semantics/article info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion Kannan, Pravin Romeo, Luis M. Universidad de Zaragoza (orcid)0000-0001-7379-6159 5004 590 Universidad de Zaragoza Dpto. Ingeniería Mecánica Área Máquinas y Motores Térmi. 89 (2024), 1321-1341 Int. j. hydrogen energy International Journal of Hydrogen Energy 0360-3199 3071786 http://zaguan.unizar.es/record/146989/files/texto_completo.pdf Versión publicada 2529967 http://zaguan.unizar.es/record/146989/files/texto_completo.jpg?subformat=icon icon Versión publicada oai:zaguan.unizar.es:146989 articulos driver 2026-02-17-20:28:06 ARTICLE