000147163 001__ 147163 000147163 005__ 20241212141913.0 000147163 0247_ $$2doi$$a10.3389/fmicb.2022.853810 000147163 0248_ $$2sideral$$a140912 000147163 037__ $$aART-2022-140912 000147163 041__ $$aeng 000147163 100__ $$aHayer, Shivdeep Singh 000147163 245__ $$aGlobal Distribution of Extended Spectrum Cephalosporin and Carbapenem Resistance and Associated Resistance Markers in Escherichia coli of Swine Origin – A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis 000147163 260__ $$c2022 000147163 5060_ $$aAccess copy available to the general public$$fUnrestricted 000147163 5203_ $$aThird generation cephalosporins and carbapenems are considered critically important antimicrobials in human medicine. Food animals such as swine can act as reservoirs of antimicrobial resistance (AMR) genes/bacteria resistant to these antimicrobial classes, and potential dissemination of AMR genes or resistant bacteria from pigs to humans is an ongoing public health threat. The objectives of this systematic review and meta-analysis were to: (1) estimate global proportion and animal-level prevalence of swine E. coli phenotypically resistant to third generation cephalosporins (3GCs) and carbapenems at a country level; and (2) measure abundances and global distribution of the genetic mechanisms that confer resistance to these antimicrobial classes in these E. coli isolates. Articles from four databases (CAB Abstracts, PubMed/MEDLINE, PubAg, and Web of Science) were screened to extract relevant data. Overall, proportion of E. coli resistant to 3GCs was lower in Australia, Europe, and North America compared to Asian countries. Globally, <5% of all E. coli were carbapenem-resistant. Fecal carriage rates (animal-level prevalence) were consistently manifold higher as compared to pooled proportion of resistance in E. coli isolates. blaCTX–M were the most common 3GC resistance genes globally, with the exception of North America where blaCMY were the predominant 3GC resistance genes. There was not a single dominant blaCTX–M gene subtype globally and several blaCTX–M subtypes were dominant depending on the continent. A wide variety of carbapenem-resistance genes (blaNDM–, VIM–, IMP–, OXA–48, andKPC–) were identified to be circulating in pig populations globally, albeit at very-low frequencies. However, great statistical heterogeneity and a critical lack of metadata hinders the true estimation of prevalence of phenotypic and genotypic resistance to these antimicrobials. Comparatively frequent occurrence of 3GC resistance and emergence of carbapenem resistance in certain countries underline the urgent need for improved AMR surveillance in swine production systems in these countries. 000147163 540__ $$9info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess$$aby$$uhttp://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/es/ 000147163 590__ $$a5.2$$b2022 000147163 591__ $$aMICROBIOLOGY$$b38 / 135 = 0.281$$c2022$$dQ2$$eT1 000147163 592__ $$a1.19$$b2022 000147163 593__ $$aMicrobiology (medical)$$c2022$$dQ1 000147163 593__ $$aMicrobiology$$c2022$$dQ1 000147163 594__ $$a7.8$$b2022 000147163 655_4 $$ainfo:eu-repo/semantics/article$$vinfo:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion 000147163 700__ $$0(orcid)0000-0002-9340-0665$$aCasanova-Higes, Alejandro$$uUniversidad de Zaragoza 000147163 700__ $$aPaladino, Eliana 000147163 700__ $$aElnekave, Ehud 000147163 700__ $$aNault, Andre 000147163 700__ $$aJohnson, Timothy 000147163 700__ $$aBender, Jeff 000147163 700__ $$aPerez, Andres 000147163 700__ $$aAlvarez, Julio 000147163 7102_ $$11009$$2773$$aUniversidad de Zaragoza$$bDpto. Patología Animal$$cÁrea Sanidad Animal 000147163 773__ $$g13 (2022), [17 pp.]$$pFront. microbiol.$$tFrontiers in Microbiology$$x1664-302X 000147163 8564_ $$s5296315$$uhttps://zaguan.unizar.es/record/147163/files/texto_completo.pdf$$yVersión publicada 000147163 8564_ $$s2435091$$uhttps://zaguan.unizar.es/record/147163/files/texto_completo.jpg?subformat=icon$$xicon$$yVersión publicada 000147163 909CO $$ooai:zaguan.unizar.es:147163$$particulos$$pdriver 000147163 951__ $$a2024-12-12-12:44:10 000147163 980__ $$aARTICLE