000147917 001__ 147917 000147917 005__ 20260112133315.0 000147917 0247_ $$2doi$$a10.1016/j.jas.2024.106122 000147917 0248_ $$2sideral$$a141372 000147917 037__ $$aART-2024-141372 000147917 041__ $$aeng 000147917 100__ $$aRodler-Rørbo, Alexandra 000147917 245__ $$aCinnabar for Roman Ephesus: Material quality, processing and provenance 000147917 260__ $$c2024 000147917 5060_ $$aAccess copy available to the general public$$fUnrestricted 000147917 5203_ $$aEphesus was an important harbor city that flourished during the Roman period and ancient texts mention Almadén in Spain and the Cilbian fields of Ephesus as important cinnabar sources in antiquity. This work investigates whether imported cinnabar was used and whether this could be related to changes in painting activities over time. Microscopic analysis indicates a consistent preparation of cinnabar, hinting at a uniform source material quality or processing technique. However, the use of cinnabar varies among the architectural structures studied, indicating a plurality of painting techniques. A few of the analyzed cinnabar samples overlap with Turkish- and Balkan reference Pb isotope ratios; three samples from tabernas, however, deviate from this. The Hg isotope ratios reveal that cinnabar from carbonate-hosted deposits was likely used, and that processing of cinnabar included heating as suggested by ancient texts. Most notably, a correlation exists between the geochemical data and the painting technique – shifts in sourcing and cinnabar usage are potentially assignable to building chronology and/or usage. Through the lens of material provenance and processing, Ephesian cinnabar brings the organization of pigment trade into focus. 000147917 536__ $$9info:eu-repo/grantAgreement/ES/DGA/E43-20R$$9info:eu-repo/grantAgreement/EC/H2020/101034288/EU/International Fellowship Programme for Talent Attraction to the Campus of International Excellence Campus Iberus/IberusExperience$$9This project has received funding from the European Union’s Horizon 2020 research and innovation program under grant agreement No H2020 101034288-IberusExperience$$9info:eu-repo/grantAgreement/ES/MICINN/PID2021-122455NB-I00$$9info:eu-repo/grantAgreement/ES/MICINN/RYC2021-031093-I 000147917 540__ $$9info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess$$aby-nc-nd$$uhttps://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/deed.es 000147917 590__ $$a2.5$$b2024 000147917 592__ $$a1.242$$b2024 000147917 591__ $$aANTHROPOLOGY$$b12 / 141 = 0.085$$c2024$$dQ1$$eT1 000147917 593__ $$aArcheology$$c2024$$dQ1 000147917 591__ $$aGEOSCIENCES, MULTIDISCIPLINARY$$b109 / 258 = 0.422$$c2024$$dQ2$$eT2 000147917 593__ $$aHistory$$c2024$$dQ1 000147917 593__ $$aArcheology (arts and humanities)$$c2024$$dQ1 000147917 594__ $$a5.6$$b2024 000147917 655_4 $$ainfo:eu-repo/semantics/article$$vinfo:eu-repo/semantics/acceptedVersion 000147917 700__ $$aBaragona, Anthony J. 000147917 700__ $$aVerbeemen, Eliah J. 000147917 700__ $$aSørensen, Lasse Vilien 000147917 700__ $$aÇakmakoglu, Berk 000147917 700__ $$aHelvaci, Cahit 000147917 700__ $$0(orcid)0000-0002-1856-2058$$aBolea-Fernandez, Eduardo$$uUniversidad de Zaragoza 000147917 700__ $$aRua-Ibarz, Ana 000147917 700__ $$aVanhaecke, Frank 000147917 700__ $$aBecker, Hilary 000147917 700__ $$aArtioli, Gilberto 000147917 700__ $$aZabrana, Lilli 000147917 700__ $$aDebaille, Vinciane 000147917 700__ $$aMattielli, Nadine 000147917 700__ $$aGoderis, Steven 000147917 700__ $$aClaeys, Philippe 000147917 7102_ $$12009$$2750$$aUniversidad de Zaragoza$$bDpto. Química Analítica$$cÁrea Química Analítica 000147917 773__ $$g173 (2024), 106122 [16 pp.]$$pJ. archaeol. sci.$$tJOURNAL OF ARCHAEOLOGICAL SCIENCE$$x0305-4403 000147917 8564_ $$s3442332$$uhttps://zaguan.unizar.es/record/147917/files/texto_completo.pdf$$yPostprint 000147917 8564_ $$s1528152$$uhttps://zaguan.unizar.es/record/147917/files/texto_completo.jpg?subformat=icon$$xicon$$yPostprint 000147917 909CO $$ooai:zaguan.unizar.es:147917$$particulos$$pdriver 000147917 951__ $$a2026-01-12-13:04:02 000147917 980__ $$aARTICLE