000148183 001__ 148183
000148183 005__ 20250115151521.0
000148183 0247_ $$2doi$$a10.1177/1477370821994059
000148183 0248_ $$2sideral$$a124432
000148183 037__ $$aART-2021-124432
000148183 041__ $$aeng
000148183 100__ $$aMiró-Llinares
000148183 245__ $$aMisinformation about fake news: A systematic critical review of empirical studies on the phenomenon and its status as a ‘threat
000148183 260__ $$c2021
000148183 5060_ $$aAccess copy available to the general public$$fUnrestricted
000148183 5203_ $$aAfter the 2016 US presidential elections, the term ‘fake news’ became synonymous with disinformation and a catch-all term for the problems that social networks were bringing to communication. Four years later, there are dozens of empirical studies that have attempted to describe and analyse an issue that, despite still being in the process of definition, has been identified as one of the key COVID-19 cyberthreats by Interpol, is considered a threat to democracy by many states and supranational institutions and, as a consequence, is subject to regulation or even criminalization. These legislative and criminal policy interventions form part of the first stage in the construction of a moral panic that may lead to the restriction of freedom of expression and information. By analysing empirical research that attempts to measure the extent of the issue and its impact, the present article aims to provide critical reflection on the process of constructing fake news as a threat. Via a systematic review of the literature, we observe, firstly, that the concept of fake news used in empirical research is limited and should be refocused because it has not been constructed according to scientific criteria and can fail to include relevant elements and actors, such as governments and traditional media. Secondly, the article analyses what is known scientifically about the extent, consumption and impact of fake news and argues that it is problematic to establish causal relationships between the issue and the effects it has been said to produce. This conclusion requires us to conduct further research and to reconsider the position of fake news as a threat as well as the resulting regulation and criminalization.
000148183 540__ $$9info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess$$aAll rights reserved$$uhttp://www.europeana.eu/rights/rr-f/
000148183 590__ $$a1.752$$b2021
000148183 591__ $$aCRIMINOLOGY & PENOLOGY$$b42 / 69 = 0.609$$c2021$$dQ3$$eT2
000148183 592__ $$a0.696$$b2021
000148183 593__ $$aLaw$$c2021$$dQ1
000148183 594__ $$a3.9$$b2021
000148183 655_4 $$ainfo:eu-repo/semantics/article$$vinfo:eu-repo/semantics/acceptedVersion
000148183 700__ $$aFernando
000148183 700__ $$0(orcid)0000-0002-7730-8527$$aAguerri, Jesús C.
000148183 773__ $$g20, 1 (2021), 356-374$$pEUROPEAN JOURNAL OF CRIMINOLOGY$$tEUROPEAN JOURNAL OF CRIMINOLOGY$$x1477-3708
000148183 8564_ $$s506139$$uhttps://zaguan.unizar.es/record/148183/files/texto_completo.pdf$$yPostprint
000148183 8564_ $$s1491643$$uhttps://zaguan.unizar.es/record/148183/files/texto_completo.jpg?subformat=icon$$xicon$$yPostprint
000148183 909CO $$ooai:zaguan.unizar.es:148183$$particulos$$pdriver
000148183 951__ $$a2025-01-15-15:14:38
000148183 980__ $$aARTICLE