Influence of organised sports practice during adolescence on health of adult women with special emphasis on participation in aesthetic sports

Mayolas-Pi, C. (Universidad de Zaragoza) ; Sitko, S. (Universidad de Zaragoza) ; Oviedo-Caro, M.A. ; Bueno-Antequera, J. ; Reverter-Masià, J. ; Francín-Gallego, M. ; Sarasa-Oliván, F.J. ; Legaz-Arrese, A. (Universidad de Zaragoza)

Resumen: This study aimed to assess the differences in psychosocial health and cardiometabolic risk during adulthood in women based on previously organised sport (OS) participation during adolescence and current activity levels, with emphasis on participation in aesthetic sports. The study included 1947 women aged 18–55 years who were categorised into four groups: 355 aesthetic athletes during adolescence, 494 non- aesthetic athletes during adolescence, 791 non-athletes during adolescence with similar current levels of physical activity (PA) to OS groups and 307 currently inactive non-athletes during adolescence. Participants answered questionnaires regarding sport participation, psychosocial health and cardiometabolic risk. The results show that non-athletes during adolescence who are currently inactive reported significantly lower psychosocial health and higher cardiometabolic risk scores. Women with currently homogenous PA levels (¿² = 0.514) reported similar physical quality of life (QoL), exercise addiction, anxiety and depression symptoms regardless of participation in OS during adolescence (P >.05), except aesthetic athletes who reported the worst sleep and mental QoL. Very high training volumes in aesthetic athletes did not influence psychological outcomes and cardiometabolic risk in adulthood compared to lower training volumes. In conclusion, the effects of PA during adulthood appear to be powerful enough to induce beneficial adaptations in health outcomes that match those observed in women who participate in OS during adolescence, except for aesthetic sports participants, who show a high risk of lower quality of sleep in adulthood. PA should be promoted in adults and especially women who have not participated in OS during adolescence. Highlights The effects of PA during adulthood appear to be powerful enough to induce short-term beneficial adaptations in health outcomes that match those observed in women who started training during adolescence. Doing aesthetic sports in adolescence is associated to poorer sleep and mental QoL outcomes when compared to other sports, although better psychosocial health outcomes are usually reported when comparing this activity to low PA levels. Gender-specific preventive programs for women that practise aesthetic sports are needed in order to minimise the negative long-term health consequences of these sport disciplines.

Idioma: Inglés

DOI: 10.1080/17461391.2020.1736180

Año: 2020

Publicado en: European Journal of Sport Science 21, 1 (2020), 107 - 117
ISSN: 1746-1391

Factor impacto JCR: 4.05 (2020)

Categ. JCR: SPORT SCIENCES rank: 21 / 88 = 0.239 (2020) - Q1 - T1

Factor impacto SCIMAGO: 1.252 - Medicine (miscellaneous) (Q1) - Sports Science (Q1) - Physical Therapy, Sports Therapy and Rehabilitation (Q1) - Orthopedics and Sports Medicine (Q1)

Financiación: info:eu-repo/grantAgreement/ES/DGA-FEDER-PUI-2018-336
Financiación: info:eu-repo/grantAgreement/ES/DGA-FEDER-PUI-2018-337
Financiación: info:eu-repo/grantAgreement/ES/DGA/S25-D17
Financiación: info:eu-repo/grantAgreement/ES/MEC/FPU13-05130
Financiación: info:eu-repo/grantAgreement/ES/UZ/UZ-2016-BIO-03

Tipo y forma: Artículo (Versión definitiva)

Área (Departamento): Área Educación Física y Depor. (Dpto. Fisiatría y Enfermería)