148691 20260217205443.0 doi 10.1021/acsomega.4c08258 sideral 142023 ART-2024-142023 eng Bidooki, Seyed Hesamoddin Chitosan Nanoparticles, a Novel Drug Delivery System to Transfer Squalene for Hepatocyte Stress Protection 2024 Access copy available to the general public Unrestricted The Mediterranean diet is a well-known dietary pattern that has gained considerable popularity worldwide for its ability to prevent the progression of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease. This is largely attributed to the use of virgin olive oil as the primary source of fat, which contains a substantial amount of squalene, a natural antioxidant. In order to enhance the delivery of squalene and amplify its effects due to its highly hydrophobic nature, herein, squalene has been incorporated into chitosan nanoparticles. The characterization of the resulting nanoparticles was conducted via scanning electron microscopy, dynamic light scattering, ζ potential, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, and gas chromatography–mass spectrometry. Reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation and cell viability assays were conducted in oxidative and endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress in AML12 and a TXNDC5-deficient AML12 cell line, which was generated by CRISPR/Cas9 technology. The results demonstrated that squalene was successfully encapsulated in chitosan nanoparticles and exhibited rapid and efficient cellular uptake at a 150 μM squalene concentration within 48 h. In conclusion, the encapsulation of squalene in chitosan nanoparticles, compared to the poly(d,l-lactide-co-glycolic acid) and ethanol drug carriers, significantly enhanced its cellular uptake. This allows the administration of higher doses, which improve hepatocyte viability and reduce ROS levels, effectively compensating for the adverse effects of TXNDC5 deficiency under the context of hepatocyte stress protection. info:eu-repo/grantAgreement/ES/DGA/B16-23R info:eu-repo/grantAgreement/ES/MICINN AEI/PID2022-1364140B- I00 info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess by-nc-nd https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/deed.es 4.3 2024 CHEMISTRY, MULTIDISCIPLINARY 81 / 239 = 0.339 2024 Q2 T2 0.773 2024 Chemical Engineering (miscellaneous) 2024 Q1 Chemistry (miscellaneous) 2024 Q2 7.1 2024 info:eu-repo/semantics/article info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion Spitzer, Lea Petitpas, Arnaud Sánchez-Marco, Javier (orcid)0000-0002-9023-741X Martínez-Beamonte, Roberto Universidad de Zaragoza (orcid)0000-0002-8100-5596 Lasheras, Roberto Pellerin, Virginie Rodríguez-Yoldi, María J. Universidad de Zaragoza (orcid)0000-0002-3595-7668 Navarro, María Angeles Universidad de Zaragoza (orcid)0000-0002-0108-1004 Osada, Jesús Universidad de Zaragoza (orcid)0000-0002-8251-8457 Fernandes, Susana C. M. 1012 410 Universidad de Zaragoza Dpto. Farmac.Fisiol.y Med.L.F. Área Fisiología 1002 060 Universidad de Zaragoza Dpto. Bioq.Biolog.Mol. Celular Área Bioquímica y Biolog.Mole. 1002 050 Universidad de Zaragoza Dpto. Bioq.Biolog.Mol. Celular Área Biología Celular 9, 52 (2024), 51379-51393 ACS Omega ACS OMEGA 2470-1343 3235996 http://zaguan.unizar.es/record/148691/files/texto_completo.pdf Versión publicada 3300464 http://zaguan.unizar.es/record/148691/files/texto_completo.jpg?subformat=icon icon Versión publicada oai:zaguan.unizar.es:148691 articulos driver 2026-02-17-20:17:19 ARTICLE