000149128 001__ 149128 000149128 005__ 20250125214313.0 000149128 0247_ $$2doi$$a10.1016/j.rser.2018.05.041 000149128 0248_ $$2sideral$$a107044 000149128 037__ $$aART-2018-107044 000149128 041__ $$aeng 000149128 100__ $$0(orcid)0000-0003-3330-1793$$aValero, A.$$uUniversidad de Zaragoza 000149128 245__ $$aMaterial bottlenecks in the future development of green technologies 000149128 260__ $$c2018 000149128 5203_ $$aDecarbonizing world economies implies the deployment of “green technologies”, meaning a renovation of the energy sector towards using renewable sources and zero emission transport technologies. This renovation will require huge amounts of raw materials, some of them with high supply risks. To assess such risks a new methodology is proposed, identifying possible bottlenecks of future demand versus geological availability. This has been applied to the world development of wind power, solar photovoltaic, solar thermal power and passenger electric vehicles for the 2016–2050 time period under a business as usual scenario considering the impact on 31 different raw materials. As a result, 13 elements were identified to have very high or high risk, meaning that these could generate bottlenecks in the future: cadmium, chromium, cobalt, copper, gallium, indium, lithium, manganese, nickel, silver, tellurium, tin and zinc. Tellurium, which is mostly demanded to manufacture solar photovoltaic cells, presents the highest risk. To overcome these constraints, measures consisting on improving recycling rates from 0.1% to 4.6% per year could avoid material shortages or restrictions in green technologies. For instance, lithium recycling rate should increase from 1% to 4.8% in 2050. This study aims to serve as a guideline for developing eco-design and recycling strategies. 000149128 536__ $$9info:eu-repo/grantAgreement/EC/H2020/691287/EU/Guiding European Policy toward a low-carbon economy. Modelling Energy system Development under Environmental And Socioeconomic constraints/MEDEAS$$9This project has received funding from the European Union’s Horizon 2020 research and innovation program under grant agreement No H2020 691287-MEDEAS$$9info:eu-repo/grantAgreement/ES/MINECO/ENE2017-85224-R 000149128 540__ $$9info:eu-repo/semantics/closedAccess$$aAll rights reserved$$uhttp://www.europeana.eu/rights/rr-f/ 000149128 590__ $$a10.556$$b2018 000149128 591__ $$aENERGY & FUELS$$b7 / 103 = 0.068$$c2018$$dQ1$$eT1 000149128 591__ $$aGREEN & SUSTAINABLE SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY$$b1 / 35 = 0.029$$c2018$$dQ1$$eT1 000149128 592__ $$a3.288$$b2018 000149128 593__ $$aRenewable Energy, Sustainability and the Environment$$c2018$$dQ1 000149128 655_4 $$ainfo:eu-repo/semantics/review$$vinfo:eu-repo/semantics/acceptedVersion 000149128 700__ $$0(orcid)0000-0003-0702-733X$$aValero, A.$$uUniversidad de Zaragoza 000149128 700__ $$0(orcid)0000-0001-9263-7321$$aCalvo, G. 000149128 700__ $$0(orcid)0000-0002-6148-1253$$aOrtego, A. 000149128 7102_ $$15004$$2590$$aUniversidad de Zaragoza$$bDpto. Ingeniería Mecánica$$cÁrea Máquinas y Motores Térmi. 000149128 773__ $$g93 (2018), 178-200$$pRenew. sustain. energy rev.$$tRENEWABLE & SUSTAINABLE ENERGY REVIEWS$$x1364-0321 000149128 8564_ $$s5387574$$uhttps://zaguan.unizar.es/record/149128/files/texto_completo.pdf$$yPostprint 000149128 8564_ $$s2614492$$uhttps://zaguan.unizar.es/record/149128/files/texto_completo.jpg?subformat=icon$$xicon$$yPostprint 000149128 909CO $$ooai:zaguan.unizar.es:149128$$particulos$$pdriver 000149128 951__ $$a2025-01-25-20:56:53 000149128 980__ $$aARTICLE