000149129 001__ 149129
000149129 005__ 20251017144549.0
000149129 0247_ $$2doi$$a10.1111/jiec.12737
000149129 0248_ $$2sideral$$a107150
000149129 037__ $$aART-2018-107150
000149129 041__ $$aeng
000149129 100__ $$0(orcid)0000-0002-6148-1253$$aOrtego Bielsa, Abel
000149129 245__ $$aVehicles and critical raw materials. A sustainability assessment using thermodynamic rarity
000149129 260__ $$c2018
000149129 5203_ $$aThe changing material composition of cars represents a challenge for future recycling of end-of-life vehicles (ELVs). Particularly, as current recycling targets are based solely on mass, critical metals increasingly used in cars might be lost during recycling processes, due to their small mass compared to bulk metals such as Fe and Al. We investigate a complementary indicator to material value in passenger vehicles based on exergy. The indicator is called thermodynamic rarity and represents the exergy cost (GJ) needed for producing a given material from bare rock to the market. According to our results, the thermodynamic rarity of critical metals used in cars, in most cases, supersedes that of the bulk metals that are the current focus of ELV recycling. While Fe, Al, and Cu account for more than 90% of the car's metal content, they only represent 60% of the total rarity of a car. In contrast, while Mo, Co, Nb, and Ni account for less than 1% of the car's metal content, their contribution to the car's rarity is larger than 7%. Rarity increases with the electrification level due to the greater amount of critical metals used; specifically, due to an increased use of (1) Al alloys are mainly used in the car's body-in-white of electric cars for light-weighting purposes, (2) Cu in car electronics, and (3) Co, Li, Ni, and rare earth metals (La, Nd, and Pr) in Li-ion and NiMH batteries.
000149129 536__ $$9info:eu-repo/grantAgreement/EC/H2020/691287/EU/Guiding European Policy toward a low-carbon economy. Modelling Energy system Development under Environmental And Socioeconomic constraints/MEDEAS$$9This project has received funding from the European Union’s Horizon 2020 research and innovation program under grant agreement No H2020 691287-MEDEAS
000149129 540__ $$9info:eu-repo/semantics/closedAccess$$aAll rights reserved$$uhttp://www.europeana.eu/rights/rr-f/
000149129 590__ $$a4.826$$b2018
000149129 591__ $$aENGINEERING, ENVIRONMENTAL$$b11 / 52 = 0.212$$c2018$$dQ1$$eT1
000149129 591__ $$aGREEN & SUSTAINABLE SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY$$b8 / 35 = 0.229$$c2018$$dQ1$$eT1
000149129 591__ $$aENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES$$b38 / 250 = 0.152$$c2018$$dQ1$$eT1
000149129 592__ $$a1.486$$b2018
000149129 593__ $$aEconomics and Econometrics$$c2018$$dQ1
000149129 593__ $$aSocial Sciences (miscellaneous)$$c2018$$dQ1
000149129 593__ $$aEnvironmental Science (miscellaneous)$$c2018$$dQ1
000149129 655_4 $$ainfo:eu-repo/semantics/article$$vinfo:eu-repo/semantics/acceptedVersion
000149129 700__ $$0(orcid)0000-0003-3330-1793$$aValero, Alicia$$uUniversidad de Zaragoza
000149129 700__ $$0(orcid)0000-0003-0702-733X$$aValero, Antonio$$uUniversidad de Zaragoza
000149129 700__ $$aRestrepo, Eliette
000149129 7102_ $$15004$$2590$$aUniversidad de Zaragoza$$bDpto. Ingeniería Mecánica$$cÁrea Máquinas y Motores Térmi.
000149129 773__ $$g22, 5 (2018), 1005-1015$$pJOURNAL OF INDUSTRIAL ECOLOGY$$tJOURNAL OF INDUSTRIAL ECOLOGY$$x1088-1980
000149129 8564_ $$s410065$$uhttps://zaguan.unizar.es/record/149129/files/texto_completo.pdf$$yPostprint
000149129 8564_ $$s2017335$$uhttps://zaguan.unizar.es/record/149129/files/texto_completo.jpg?subformat=icon$$xicon$$yPostprint
000149129 909CO $$ooai:zaguan.unizar.es:149129$$particulos$$pdriver
000149129 951__ $$a2025-10-17-14:11:12
000149129 980__ $$aARTICLE