000149884 001__ 149884 000149884 005__ 20250128160611.0 000149884 0247_ $$2doi$$a10.1080/08912963.2022.2050720 000149884 0248_ $$2sideral$$a132122 000149884 037__ $$aART-2022-132122 000149884 041__ $$aeng 000149884 100__ $$0(orcid)0000-0003-2487-547X$$aAzanza, Beatriz$$uUniversidad de Zaragoza 000149884 245__ $$aNew fossils of the early Miocene stem-cervid Acteocemas (Artiodactyla, Ruminantia) from the Iberian Peninsula shed light on the evolutionary origin of deer antler regeneration 000149884 260__ $$c2022 000149884 5060_ $$aAccess copy available to the general public$$fUnrestricted 000149884 5203_ $$aActeocemas, a very poorly documented early Miocene stem-cervid, is one of the first ruminants bearing antler-like appendages, which has provided a ground for discussion on the origin of antlers. We describe a new and very complete appendage from the site of Sant Andreu de la Barca (Spain) together with some other unpublished specimens from the nearby Costablanca attributed to Acteocemas aff. infans, compare with fossils from elsewhere in Europe (including the A. infans holotype), and perform micro-CT scans. The findings provide new empirical data that Acteocemas protoantlers were able to be cast and re-grown. However, microstructural analyses suggest that the protoantler lifespan could be longer than that of modern antlers, preventing it from assuming a similar cycle. Results support that increased seasonality associated with a drop in global temperatures played a role in the origin of antler regeneration, and that deciduousness (through bone shedding) was an efficient way for (male)deer to reduce the seasonal leftover of bone mass. The early evolution of deciduousness, as in the probable irregular protoanter cycle of Acteocemas, was limited by the warming ca. 17–15 Ma, whereas the emergence of antlers with coronet was concomitant with the second increase in seasonality associated to the cooling ca. 15–13 Ma. 000149884 536__ $$9info:eu-repo/grantAgreement/ES/DGA/E33-20R$$9info:eu-repo/grantAgreement/ES/MICINN/PID2020-116220GB-I00 000149884 540__ $$9info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess$$aby-nc$$uhttp://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/es/ 000149884 590__ $$a1.4$$b2022 000149884 591__ $$aPALEONTOLOGY$$b30 / 54 = 0.556$$c2022$$dQ3$$eT2 000149884 592__ $$a0.551$$b2022 000149884 593__ $$aAgricultural and Biological Sciences (miscellaneous)$$c2022$$dQ1 000149884 594__ $$a3.5$$b2022 000149884 655_4 $$ainfo:eu-repo/semantics/article$$vinfo:eu-repo/semantics/acceptedVersion 000149884 700__ $$aPina, Marta 000149884 700__ $$aQuiralte, Victoria 000149884 700__ $$aSánchez, Israel M. 000149884 700__ $$0(orcid)0000-0001-6138-7227$$aDeMiguel, Daniel 000149884 7102_ $$12000$$2655$$aUniversidad de Zaragoza$$bDpto. Ciencias de la Tierra$$cÁrea Paleontología 000149884 773__ $$g34, 8 (2022), 1520-1533$$pHist. Biol$$tHistorical Biology$$x0891-2963 000149884 8564_ $$s592950$$uhttps://zaguan.unizar.es/record/149884/files/texto_completo.pdf$$yPostprint 000149884 8564_ $$s931686$$uhttps://zaguan.unizar.es/record/149884/files/texto_completo.jpg?subformat=icon$$xicon$$yPostprint 000149884 909CO $$ooai:zaguan.unizar.es:149884$$particulos$$pdriver 000149884 951__ $$a2025-01-28-14:57:59 000149884 980__ $$aARTICLE