000150049 001__ 150049 000150049 005__ 20250130182920.0 000150049 0247_ $$2doi$$a10.2903/j.efsa.2022.7445 000150049 0248_ $$2sideral$$a142255 000150049 037__ $$aART-2022-142255 000150049 041__ $$aeng 000150049 100__ $$aNielsen, Søren Saxmose 000150049 245__ $$aWelfare of pigs during transport 000150049 260__ $$c2022 000150049 5060_ $$aAccess copy available to the general public$$fUnrestricted 000150049 5203_ $$aIn the framework of its Farm to Fork Strategy, the Commission is undertaking a comprehensive evaluation of the animal welfare legislation. The present Opinion deals with protection of pigs during transport. The welfare of pigs during transport by road is the main focus, but other means of transport are also covered. Current practices related to transport of pigs during the different stages (preparation, loading/unloading, transit and journey breaks) are described. Overall, 10 welfare consequences were identified as highly relevant for the welfare of pigs during transport based on the severity, duration and frequency of occurrence: group stress, handling stress, heat stress, injuries, motion stress, prolonged hunger, prolonged thirst, restriction of movement, resting problems and sensory overstimulation. These welfare consequences and their animal-based measures are described. A variety of hazards were identified, mainly relating to factors such as mixing of unfamiliar pigs, inappropriate handling methods and devices, the use of pick-up pens, inexperienced/untrained handlers, structural deficiencies of vehicles and facilities, poor driving conditions, unfavourable microclimatic and environmental conditions and poor husbandry practices leading to these welfare consequences. The Opinion contains general and specific conclusions relating to the different stages of transport of pigs. Recommendations to prevent hazards and to correct or mitigate welfare consequences are made. Recommendations were also developed to define quantitative thresholds for microclimatic conditions and minimum space allowance within means of transport. The development of the welfare consequences over time was assessed in relation to maximum journey duration. The Opinion covers specific animal transport scenarios identified by the European Commission relating to transport of cull sows and ‘special health status animals’, and lists welfare concerns associated with these. 000150049 540__ $$9info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess$$aby-nd$$uhttp://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nd/3.0/es/ 000150049 590__ $$a3.3$$b2022 000150049 591__ $$aFOOD SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY$$b60 / 142 = 0.423$$c2022$$dQ2$$eT2 000150049 592__ $$a0.852$$b2022 000150049 593__ $$aPlant Science$$c2022$$dQ1 000150049 593__ $$aFood Science$$c2022$$dQ1 000150049 593__ $$aVeterinary (miscellaneous)$$c2022$$dQ1 000150049 593__ $$aAnimal Science and Zoology$$c2022$$dQ1 000150049 593__ $$aParasitology$$c2022$$dQ2 000150049 593__ $$aMicrobiology$$c2022$$dQ2 000150049 594__ $$a5.1$$b2022 000150049 655_4 $$ainfo:eu-repo/semantics/article$$vinfo:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion 000150049 700__ $$aAlvarez, Julio 000150049 700__ $$aBicout, Dominique Joseph 000150049 700__ $$aCalistri, Paolo 000150049 700__ $$aCanali, Elisabetta 000150049 700__ $$aDrewe, Julian Ashley 000150049 700__ $$aGarin-Bastuji, Bruno 000150049 700__ $$aGonzales Rojas, Jose Luis 000150049 700__ $$aSchmidt, Christian Gortázar 000150049 700__ $$aMichel, Virginie 000150049 700__ $$aMiranda Chueca, Miguel Ángel 000150049 700__ $$aPadalino, Barbara 000150049 700__ $$aPasquali, Paolo 000150049 700__ $$aRoberts, Helen Clare 000150049 700__ $$aSpoolder, Hans 000150049 700__ $$aStahl, Karl 000150049 700__ $$aVelarde, Antonio 000150049 700__ $$aViltrop, Arvo 000150049 700__ $$aWinckler, Christoph 000150049 700__ $$aEarley, Bernadette 000150049 700__ $$aEdwards, Sandra 000150049 700__ $$aFaucitano, Luigi 000150049 700__ $$aMarti, Sonia 000150049 700__ $$0(orcid)0000-0002-6848-1010$$aMiranda-de La Lama, Genaro C.$$uUniversidad de Zaragoza 000150049 700__ $$aCosta, Leonardo Nanni 000150049 700__ $$aThomsen, Peter T 000150049 700__ $$aAshe, Sean 000150049 700__ $$aMur, Lina 000150049 700__ $$aVan der Stede, Yves 000150049 700__ $$aHerskin, Mette 000150049 7102_ $$12008$$2700$$aUniversidad de Zaragoza$$bDpto. Produc.Animal Cienc.Ali.$$cÁrea Producción Animal 000150049 773__ $$g20, 9 (2022), 7445 [108 pp.]$$tEFSA Journal$$x1831-4732 000150049 8564_ $$s13088036$$uhttps://zaguan.unizar.es/record/150049/files/texto_completo.pdf$$yVersión publicada 000150049 8564_ $$s2236205$$uhttps://zaguan.unizar.es/record/150049/files/texto_completo.jpg?subformat=icon$$xicon$$yVersión publicada 000150049 909CO $$ooai:zaguan.unizar.es:150049$$particulos$$pdriver 000150049 951__ $$a2025-01-30-16:18:08 000150049 980__ $$aARTICLE