150049 20251017144638.0 doi 10.2903/j.efsa.2022.7445 sideral 142255 ART-2022-142255 eng Nielsen, Søren Saxmose Welfare of pigs during transport 2022 Access copy available to the general public Unrestricted In the framework of its Farm to Fork Strategy, the Commission is undertaking a comprehensive evaluation of the animal welfare legislation. The present Opinion deals with protection of pigs during transport. The welfare of pigs during transport by road is the main focus, but other means of transport are also covered. Current practices related to transport of pigs during the different stages (preparation, loading/unloading, transit and journey breaks) are described. Overall, 10 welfare consequences were identified as highly relevant for the welfare of pigs during transport based on the severity, duration and frequency of occurrence: group stress, handling stress, heat stress, injuries, motion stress, prolonged hunger, prolonged thirst, restriction of movement, resting problems and sensory overstimulation. These welfare consequences and their animal-based measures are described. A variety of hazards were identified, mainly relating to factors such as mixing of unfamiliar pigs, inappropriate handling methods and devices, the use of pick-up pens, inexperienced/untrained handlers, structural deficiencies of vehicles and facilities, poor driving conditions, unfavourable microclimatic and environmental conditions and poor husbandry practices leading to these welfare consequences. The Opinion contains general and specific conclusions relating to the different stages of transport of pigs. Recommendations to prevent hazards and to correct or mitigate welfare consequences are made. Recommendations were also developed to define quantitative thresholds for microclimatic conditions and minimum space allowance within means of transport. The development of the welfare consequences over time was assessed in relation to maximum journey duration. The Opinion covers specific animal transport scenarios identified by the European Commission relating to transport of cull sows and ‘special health status animals’, and lists welfare concerns associated with these. info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess by-nd https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nd/4.0/deed.es 3.3 2022 FOOD SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 60 / 142 = 0.423 2022 Q2 T2 0.852 2022 Plant Science 2022 Q1 Food Science 2022 Q1 Veterinary (miscellaneous) 2022 Q1 Animal Science and Zoology 2022 Q1 Parasitology 2022 Q2 Microbiology 2022 Q2 5.1 2022 info:eu-repo/semantics/article info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion Alvarez, Julio Bicout, Dominique Joseph Calistri, Paolo Canali, Elisabetta Drewe, Julian Ashley Garin-Bastuji, Bruno Gonzales Rojas, Jose Luis Schmidt, Christian Gortázar Michel, Virginie Miranda Chueca, Miguel Ángel Padalino, Barbara Pasquali, Paolo Roberts, Helen Clare Spoolder, Hans Stahl, Karl Velarde, Antonio Viltrop, Arvo Winckler, Christoph Earley, Bernadette Edwards, Sandra Faucitano, Luigi Marti, Sonia Miranda-de La Lama, Genaro C. Universidad de Zaragoza (orcid)0000-0002-6848-1010 Costa, Leonardo Nanni Thomsen, Peter T Ashe, Sean Mur, Lina Van der Stede, Yves Herskin, Mette 2008 700 Universidad de Zaragoza Dpto. Produc.Animal Cienc.Ali. Área Producción Animal 20, 9 (2022), 7445 [108 pp.] EFSA Journal 1831-4732 13088036 http://zaguan.unizar.es/record/150049/files/texto_completo.pdf Versión publicada 2236205 http://zaguan.unizar.es/record/150049/files/texto_completo.jpg?subformat=icon icon Versión publicada oai:zaguan.unizar.es:150049 articulos driver 2025-10-17-14:30:32 ARTICLE