000150063 001__ 150063 000150063 005__ 20251017144646.0 000150063 0247_ $$2doi$$a10.2903/j.efsa.2022.7442 000150063 0248_ $$2sideral$$a142253 000150063 037__ $$aART-2022-142253 000150063 041__ $$aeng 000150063 100__ $$aNielsen, Søren Saxmose 000150063 245__ $$aWelfare of cattle during transport 000150063 260__ $$c2022 000150063 5060_ $$aAccess copy available to the general public$$fUnrestricted 000150063 5203_ $$aIn the framework of its Farm to Fork Strategy, the Commission is undertaking a comprehensive evaluation of the animal welfare legislation. The present Opinion deals with protection of cattle (including calves) during transport. Welfare of cattle during transport by road is the main focus, but other means of transport are also covered. Current practices related to transport of cattle during the different stages (preparation, loading/unloading, transit and journey breaks) are described. Overall, 11 welfare consequences were identified as being highly relevant for the welfare of cattle during transport based on severity, duration and frequency of occurrence: group stress, handling stress, heat stress, injuries, motion stress, prolonged hunger, prolonged thirst, respiratory disorders, restriction of movement, resting problems and sensory overstimulation. These welfare consequences and their animal-based measures are described. A variety of hazards, mainly relating to inexperienced/untrained handlers, inappropriate handling, structural deficiencies of vehicles and facilities, poor driving conditions, unfavourable microclimatic and environmental conditions, and poor husbandry practices leading to these welfare consequences were identified. The Opinion contains general and specific conclusions relating to the different stages of transport for cattle. Recommendations to prevent hazards and to correct or mitigate welfare consequences have been developed. Recommendations were also developed to define quantitative thresholds for microclimatic conditions within the means of transport and spatial thresholds (minimum space allowance). The development of welfare consequences over time was assessed in relation to maximum journey duration. The Opinion covers specific animal transport scenarios identified by the European Commission relating to transport of unweaned calves, cull cows, the export of cattle by livestock vessels, the export of cattle by road, roll-on-roll-off ferries and ‘special health status animals’, and lists welfare concerns associated with these. 000150063 540__ $$9info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess$$aby-nd$$uhttps://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nd/4.0/deed.es 000150063 590__ $$a3.3$$b2022 000150063 591__ $$aFOOD SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY$$b60 / 142 = 0.423$$c2022$$dQ2$$eT2 000150063 592__ $$a0.852$$b2022 000150063 593__ $$aPlant Science$$c2022$$dQ1 000150063 593__ $$aFood Science$$c2022$$dQ1 000150063 593__ $$aVeterinary (miscellaneous)$$c2022$$dQ1 000150063 593__ $$aAnimal Science and Zoology$$c2022$$dQ1 000150063 593__ $$aParasitology$$c2022$$dQ2 000150063 593__ $$aMicrobiology$$c2022$$dQ2 000150063 594__ $$a5.1$$b2022 000150063 655_4 $$ainfo:eu-repo/semantics/article$$vinfo:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion 000150063 700__ $$aAlvarez, Julio 000150063 700__ $$aBicout, Dominique Joseph 000150063 700__ $$aCalistri, Paolo 000150063 700__ $$aCanali, Elisabetta 000150063 700__ $$aDrewe, Julian Ashley 000150063 700__ $$aGarin-Bastuji, Bruno 000150063 700__ $$aGonzales Rojas, Jose Luis 000150063 700__ $$aGortázar Schmidt, Christian 000150063 700__ $$aMichel, Virginie 000150063 700__ $$aMiranda Chueca, Miguel Ángel 000150063 700__ $$aPadalino, Barbara 000150063 700__ $$aPasquali, Paolo 000150063 700__ $$aRoberts, Helen Clare 000150063 700__ $$aSpoolder, Hans 000150063 700__ $$aStahl, Karl 000150063 700__ $$aVelarde, Antonio 000150063 700__ $$aViltrop, Arvo 000150063 700__ $$aWinckler, Christoph 000150063 700__ $$aEarley, Bernadette 000150063 700__ $$aEdwards, Sandra 000150063 700__ $$aFaucitano, Luigi 000150063 700__ $$aMarti, Sonia 000150063 700__ $$0(orcid)0000-0002-6848-1010$$aMiranda de la Lama, Genaro C.$$uUniversidad de Zaragoza 000150063 700__ $$aCosta, Leonardo Nanni 000150063 700__ $$aThomsen, Peter T 000150063 700__ $$aAshe, Sean 000150063 700__ $$aMur, Lina 000150063 700__ $$aVan der Stede, Yves 000150063 700__ $$aHerskin, Mette 000150063 7102_ $$12008$$2700$$aUniversidad de Zaragoza$$bDpto. Produc.Animal Cienc.Ali.$$cÁrea Producción Animal 000150063 773__ $$g20, 9 (2022), 7442 [121 pp.]$$tEFSA Journal$$x1831-4732 000150063 8564_ $$s15885213$$uhttps://zaguan.unizar.es/record/150063/files/texto_completo.pdf$$yVersión publicada 000150063 8564_ $$s2299336$$uhttps://zaguan.unizar.es/record/150063/files/texto_completo.jpg?subformat=icon$$xicon$$yVersión publicada 000150063 909CO $$ooai:zaguan.unizar.es:150063$$particulos$$pdriver 000150063 951__ $$a2025-10-17-14:34:00 000150063 980__ $$aARTICLE