150063 20251017144646.0 doi 10.2903/j.efsa.2022.7442 sideral 142253 ART-2022-142253 eng Nielsen, Søren Saxmose Welfare of cattle during transport 2022 Access copy available to the general public Unrestricted In the framework of its Farm to Fork Strategy, the Commission is undertaking a comprehensive evaluation of the animal welfare legislation. The present Opinion deals with protection of cattle (including calves) during transport. Welfare of cattle during transport by road is the main focus, but other means of transport are also covered. Current practices related to transport of cattle during the different stages (preparation, loading/unloading, transit and journey breaks) are described. Overall, 11 welfare consequences were identified as being highly relevant for the welfare of cattle during transport based on severity, duration and frequency of occurrence: group stress, handling stress, heat stress, injuries, motion stress, prolonged hunger, prolonged thirst, respiratory disorders, restriction of movement, resting problems and sensory overstimulation. These welfare consequences and their animal-based measures are described. A variety of hazards, mainly relating to inexperienced/untrained handlers, inappropriate handling, structural deficiencies of vehicles and facilities, poor driving conditions, unfavourable microclimatic and environmental conditions, and poor husbandry practices leading to these welfare consequences were identified. The Opinion contains general and specific conclusions relating to the different stages of transport for cattle. Recommendations to prevent hazards and to correct or mitigate welfare consequences have been developed. Recommendations were also developed to define quantitative thresholds for microclimatic conditions within the means of transport and spatial thresholds (minimum space allowance). The development of welfare consequences over time was assessed in relation to maximum journey duration. The Opinion covers specific animal transport scenarios identified by the European Commission relating to transport of unweaned calves, cull cows, the export of cattle by livestock vessels, the export of cattle by road, roll-on-roll-off ferries and ‘special health status animals’, and lists welfare concerns associated with these. info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess by-nd https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nd/4.0/deed.es 3.3 2022 FOOD SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 60 / 142 = 0.423 2022 Q2 T2 0.852 2022 Plant Science 2022 Q1 Food Science 2022 Q1 Veterinary (miscellaneous) 2022 Q1 Animal Science and Zoology 2022 Q1 Parasitology 2022 Q2 Microbiology 2022 Q2 5.1 2022 info:eu-repo/semantics/article info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion Alvarez, Julio Bicout, Dominique Joseph Calistri, Paolo Canali, Elisabetta Drewe, Julian Ashley Garin-Bastuji, Bruno Gonzales Rojas, Jose Luis Gortázar Schmidt, Christian Michel, Virginie Miranda Chueca, Miguel Ángel Padalino, Barbara Pasquali, Paolo Roberts, Helen Clare Spoolder, Hans Stahl, Karl Velarde, Antonio Viltrop, Arvo Winckler, Christoph Earley, Bernadette Edwards, Sandra Faucitano, Luigi Marti, Sonia Miranda de la Lama, Genaro C. Universidad de Zaragoza (orcid)0000-0002-6848-1010 Costa, Leonardo Nanni Thomsen, Peter T Ashe, Sean Mur, Lina Van der Stede, Yves Herskin, Mette 2008 700 Universidad de Zaragoza Dpto. Produc.Animal Cienc.Ali. Área Producción Animal 20, 9 (2022), 7442 [121 pp.] EFSA Journal 1831-4732 15885213 http://zaguan.unizar.es/record/150063/files/texto_completo.pdf Versión publicada 2299336 http://zaguan.unizar.es/record/150063/files/texto_completo.jpg?subformat=icon icon Versión publicada oai:zaguan.unizar.es:150063 articulos driver 2025-10-17-14:34:00 ARTICLE