000150073 001__ 150073 000150073 005__ 20250130182920.0 000150073 0247_ $$2doi$$a10.2903/j.efsa.2022.7404 000150073 0248_ $$2sideral$$a142256 000150073 037__ $$aART-2022-142256 000150073 041__ $$aeng 000150073 100__ $$aNielsen, Søren Saxmose 000150073 245__ $$aWelfare of small ruminants during transport 000150073 260__ $$c2022 000150073 5060_ $$aAccess copy available to the general public$$fUnrestricted 000150073 5203_ $$aIn the framework of its Farm to Fork Strategy, the Commission is undertaking a comprehensive evaluation of animal welfare legislation. The present Opinion deals with the protection of small ruminants (sheep and goats) during transport. The main focus is on welfare of sheep during transport by road but other means of transport and concerns for welfare of goats during transport are also covered. Current practices related to transport of sheep during the different stages (preparation, loading and unloading, transit and journey breaks) are described. Overall, 11 welfare consequences were identified as being highly relevant for the welfare of sheep during transport based on severity, duration and frequency of occurrence: group stress, handling stress, heat stress, injuries, motion stress, predation stress, prolonged hunger, prolonged thirst, restriction of movement, resting problems and sensory overstimulation. These welfare consequences and their animal-based measures are described. A wide variety of hazards, mainly relating to inappropriate or aggressive handling of animals, structural deficiencies of vehicles and facilities, unfavourable microclimatic and environmental conditions and poor husbandry practices, leading to these welfare consequences were identified. The Opinion contains general and specific conclusions in relation to the different stages of transport. Recommendations to prevent hazards and to correct or mitigate welfare consequences have been developed. Recommendations were also developed to define quantitative thresholds for microclimatic conditions within the means of transport and spatial thresholds (minimum space allowance). The development of welfare consequences over time were assessed in relation to maximum journey time. The Opinion covers specific animal transport scenarios identified by the European Commission relating to the export of sheep by livestock vessels, export of sheep by road, roll-on-roll-off vessels and ‘special health status animals’, and lists welfare concerns associated with these. 000150073 540__ $$9info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess$$aby-nd$$uhttp://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nd/3.0/es/ 000150073 590__ $$a3.3$$b2022 000150073 591__ $$aFOOD SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY$$b60 / 142 = 0.423$$c2022$$dQ2$$eT2 000150073 592__ $$a0.852$$b2022 000150073 593__ $$aPlant Science$$c2022$$dQ1 000150073 593__ $$aFood Science$$c2022$$dQ1 000150073 593__ $$aVeterinary (miscellaneous)$$c2022$$dQ1 000150073 593__ $$aAnimal Science and Zoology$$c2022$$dQ1 000150073 593__ $$aParasitology$$c2022$$dQ2 000150073 593__ $$aMicrobiology$$c2022$$dQ2 000150073 594__ $$a5.1$$b2022 000150073 655_4 $$ainfo:eu-repo/semantics/article$$vinfo:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion 000150073 700__ $$aAlvarez, Julio 000150073 700__ $$aBicout, Dominique Joseph 000150073 700__ $$aCalistri, Paolo 000150073 700__ $$aCanali, Elisabetta 000150073 700__ $$aDrewe, Julian Ashley 000150073 700__ $$aGarin-Bastuji, Bruno 000150073 700__ $$aGonzales Rojas, Jose Luis 000150073 700__ $$aGortázar Schmidt, Christian 000150073 700__ $$aMichel, Virginie 000150073 700__ $$aMiranda Chueca, Miguel Ángel 000150073 700__ $$aPadalino, Barbara 000150073 700__ $$aPasquali, Paolo 000150073 700__ $$aRoberts, Helen Clare 000150073 700__ $$aSpoolder, Hans 000150073 700__ $$aStahl, Karl 000150073 700__ $$aVelarde, Antonio 000150073 700__ $$aViltrop, Arvo 000150073 700__ $$aWinckler, Christoph 000150073 700__ $$aEarley, Bernadette 000150073 700__ $$aEdwards, Sandra 000150073 700__ $$aFaucitano, Luigi 000150073 700__ $$aMarti, Sonia 000150073 700__ $$0(orcid)0000-0002-6848-1010$$aMiranda de La Lama, Genaro C$$uUniversidad de Zaragoza 000150073 700__ $$aNanni Costa, Leonardo 000150073 700__ $$aThomsen, Peter T 000150073 700__ $$aAshe, Sean 000150073 700__ $$aMur, Lina 000150073 700__ $$aVan der Stede, Yves 000150073 700__ $$aHerskin, Mette 000150073 7102_ $$12008$$2700$$aUniversidad de Zaragoza$$bDpto. Produc.Animal Cienc.Ali.$$cÁrea Producción Animal 000150073 773__ $$g20, 9 (2022), 7404 [101 pp.]$$tEFSA Journal$$x1831-4732 000150073 8564_ $$s11331161$$uhttps://zaguan.unizar.es/record/150073/files/texto_completo.pdf$$yVersión publicada 000150073 8564_ $$s2314071$$uhttps://zaguan.unizar.es/record/150073/files/texto_completo.jpg?subformat=icon$$xicon$$yVersión publicada 000150073 909CO $$ooai:zaguan.unizar.es:150073$$particulos$$pdriver 000150073 951__ $$a2025-01-30-16:18:37 000150073 980__ $$aARTICLE