doi:10.1016/j.lanepe.2025.101220engPeñalva, GermánCantón, RafaelPérez-Rodríguez, María TeresaGonzález-López, Juan JoséRodríguez-Baño, JesúsBarrio-Tofiño, Ester delKirkegaard-Biosca, CristinaSánchez-Romero, IsabelGutiérrez-Villanueva, AndreaMarrodán-Ciordia, TeresaGuerra-Laso, José ManuelRosario-Quintana, Cristóbal delSuárez-Hormiga, LauraCámara, JordiPuig-Asensio, MireiaHeredero, EvaSepúlveda, María AntoniaRodríguez-Díaz, Juan CarlosMerino, EsperanzaCercenado, EmiliaVilla, Sofia de laSiller, MaríaArnaiz, FranciscoSeral, CristinaLepe, José AntonioCisneros, José MiguelPaño-Pardo, José RamónCastiillo García, FranciscoBurden of bacterial antimicrobial resistance among hospitalised patients in Spain: findings from three nationwide prospective studiesART-2025-142863Background: Assessing the burden of antimicrobial resistance is essential to determine the magnitude of this problem and to set its priority. We aimed to estimate the burden of disease caused by multidrug-resistant microorganisms (MDRO) in hospitalised patients in Spain. Methods: Three prospective nationwide studies were conducted in 2018, 2019 and 2023. All patients with a new diagnosis of infection with any of 10 selected MDROs plus Clostridioides difficile during the study period (one week in 2018 and 2019 and two weeks in 2023) were included. Patient demographic, and clinical outcomes were analysed, including incidence, crude all-cause 30-day mortality and years of life lost (YLL). These results were used to calculate weighted and seasonally adjusted annual estimates for the whole country.2025http://zaguan.unizar.es/record/15069410.1016/j.lanepe.2025.101220http://zaguan.unizar.es/record/150694oai:zaguan.unizar.es:150694The Lancet Regional Health - Europe 51 (2025), 101220 [13 pp.]by-nc-ndhttps://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/deed.esinfo:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess