151183 20251017144612.0 doi 10.3390/jpm11080803 sideral 125868 ART-2021-125868 eng Sánchez-Morla E.M. Automatic diagnosis of bipolar disorder using optical coherence tomography data and artificial intelligence 2021 Access copy available to the general public Unrestricted Background: The aim of this study is to explore an objective approach that aids the diagnosis of bipolar disorder (BD), based on optical coherence tomography (OCT) data which are analyzed using artificial intelligence. Methods: Structural analyses of nine layers of the retina were analyzed in 17 type I BD patients and 42 controls, according to the areas defined by the Early Treatment Diabetic Retinopathy Study (ETDRS) chart. The most discriminating variables made up the feature vector of several automatic classifiers: Gaussian Naive Bayes, K-nearest neighbors and support vector machines. Results: BD patients presented retinal thinning affecting most layers, compared to controls. The retinal thickness of the parafoveolar area showed a high capacity to discriminate BD subjects from healthy individuals, specifically for the ganglion cell (area under the curve (AUC) = 0.82) and internal plexiform (AUC = 0.83) layers. The best classifier showed an accuracy of 0.95 for classifying BD versus controls, using as variables of the feature vector the IPL (inner nasal region) and the INL (outer nasal and inner inferior regions) thickness. Conclusions: Our patients with BD present structural alterations in the retina, and artificial intelligence seem to be a useful tool in BD diagnosis, but larger studies are needed to confirm our findings. info:eu-repo/grantAgreement/ES/ISCIII-FEDER/PI17-01726 info:eu-repo/grantAgreement/ES/ISCIII-FEDER/PI20-00437 info:eu-repo/grantAgreement/ES/MINECO FEDER/RD16-0008-029 info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess by https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/deed.es 3.508 2021 MEDICINE, GENERAL & INTERNAL 69 / 172 = 0.401 2021 Q2 T2 HEALTH CARE SCIENCES & SERVICES 42 / 110 = 0.382 2021 Q2 T2 0.757 2021 Medicine (miscellaneous) 2021 Q2 1.8 2021 info:eu-repo/semantics/article info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion Fuentes J.L. Miguel-Jiménez J.M. Boquete L. Ortiz M. Orduna E. Universidad de Zaragoza (orcid)0000-0003-2710-1875 Satue M. Universidad de Zaragoza (orcid)0000-0002-1609-5994 Garcia-Martin E. Universidad de Zaragoza (orcid)0000-0001-6258-2489 1013 646 Universidad de Zaragoza Dpto. Cirugía Área Oftalmología 2002 647 Universidad de Zaragoza Dpto. Física Aplicada Área Óptica 11, 8 (2021), 803 [15 pp.] J. pers. med. Journal of Personalized Medicine 2075-4426 1000030 http://zaguan.unizar.es/record/151183/files/texto_completo.pdf Versión publicada 2690874 http://zaguan.unizar.es/record/151183/files/texto_completo.jpg?subformat=icon icon Versión publicada oai:zaguan.unizar.es:151183 articulos driver 2025-10-17-14:17:52 ARTICLE