000151212 001__ 151212
000151212 005__ 20250227101505.0
000151212 0247_ $$2doi$$a10.1016/j.jenvman.2025.124262
000151212 0248_ $$2sideral$$a143005
000151212 037__ $$aART-2025-143005
000151212 041__ $$aeng
000151212 100__ $$0(orcid)0000-0002-3256-2089$$aLeal-Duaso, Alejandro
000151212 245__ $$aPhysical-chemical transformations for the remediation and valorization of hexachlorocyclohexanes (HCHs) including lindane: A review
000151212 260__ $$c2025
000151212 5060_ $$aAccess copy available to the general public$$fUnrestricted
000151212 5203_ $$aThe production of the former insecticide lindane (γ-HCH) resulted in the generation of vast quantities of hexachlorocyclohexanes (HCH) residues, creating one of the most significant environmental challenges related to persistent organic pollutants in the world. This contamination is present today in different scenarios, including stockpiles and highly concentrated mixed waste, contaminated surface soils, subsoil, and waters. In particular, Dense Non-Aqueous Phase Liquids (DNAPLs) represent challenging subsurface and groundwater contamination. This review provides a comprehensive and critical overview of the physical-chemical methodologies and remediation projects reported in the literature for addressing lindane contamination through separation, transformation, disposal, and valorization approaches. The available physicochemical techniques include dehydrochlorination, oxidation, reduction, substitution, isomerization, as well as electrochemical, photochemical, sonochemical, plasma, and other high energy treatments. Key aspects, such as advantages and limitations, remediation effectiveness, technological maturity, scalability, estimated costs, and applicability to different contamination scenarios are thoroughly analyzed for each method. The review culminates in a detailed comparison of these methodologies for various contamination contexts, providing valuable insights for the identification of optimal solutions to this global environmental challenge. In addition, the review assesses, for the first time, the potential for valorization of the products formed during HCH treatment or remediation. This aspect highlights the opportunity to transform HCH residues into higher value-added chemicals, thereby enhancing the circular economy of the remediation process. Finally, the integration of physicochemical methods with separation and biological tools offers a holistic perspective that underscores the importance of comprehensive strategies for addressing HCH contamination effectively and sustainably.
000151212 536__ $$9info:eu-repo/grantAgreement/ES/DGA/E37-23R$$9info:eu-repo/grantAgreement/ES/MINECO/PID2021-125762NB-I00
000151212 540__ $$9info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess$$aby-nc-nd$$uhttp://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/3.0/es/
000151212 655_4 $$ainfo:eu-repo/semantics/article$$vinfo:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion
000151212 700__ $$0(orcid)0000-0003-2010-9540$$aSalvatella, Luis$$uUniversidad de Zaragoza
000151212 700__ $$0(orcid)0000-0002-0136-5138$$aFraile, José M.
000151212 7102_ $$12013$$2765$$aUniversidad de Zaragoza$$bDpto. Química Orgánica$$cÁrea Química Orgánica
000151212 773__ $$g375 (2025), 124262$$pJ. environ. manag.$$tJournal of environmental management$$x0301-4797
000151212 8564_ $$s8813218$$uhttps://zaguan.unizar.es/record/151212/files/texto_completo.pdf$$yVersión publicada
000151212 8564_ $$s2502382$$uhttps://zaguan.unizar.es/record/151212/files/texto_completo.jpg?subformat=icon$$xicon$$yVersión publicada
000151212 909CO $$ooai:zaguan.unizar.es:151212$$particulos$$pdriver
000151212 951__ $$a2025-02-27-09:27:48
000151212 980__ $$aARTICLE