000151276 001__ 151276
000151276 005__ 20250307114714.0
000151276 0247_ $$2doi$$a10.1007/s12144-025-07342-9
000151276 0248_ $$2sideral$$a143113
000151276 037__ $$aART-2025-143113
000151276 041__ $$aeng
000151276 100__ $$aSuárez-Yera, Claudia
000151276 245__ $$aFrom the 4Ns to the 3Ns. Reliability and validation studies of the Spanish-adapted Carnism Scale
000151276 260__ $$c2025
000151276 5203_ $$aCarnism is an ideology that supports meat consumption using arguments known as the three Ns: natural, necessary, and normal. Subsequently, the argument of'nice' was added to these Ns, so the 3Ns became the 4Ns. The primary objective of this study was to improve the Spanish version of the 4N Scale, the most widely used scale to measure this conception of carnism, in terms of theoretical fit and psychometric properties based on a first adaptation of the 4N Scale to the Spanish context. This study explored the suitability of different 3N-based models to determine the best theoretical framework to measure carnism. This work consisted of two parts: Study 1 (n = 300), which tested different models in terms of theoretical structure and psychometric properties of the 4Ns, and Study 2 (n = 455), which validated the best model of Study 1 and explored a second-order factor model. Confirmatory factor analyses were performed in both studies and the results showed that the 4N model, which had methodological issues, would be improved if only natural, necessary, and nice dimensions were used. The findings suggest that, even though Normality is an essential aspect of understanding the ideology of carnism, we discuss the rationale behind why Normal dimension in the carnism measurement is not appropriate.
000151276 540__ $$9info:eu-repo/semantics/closedAccess$$aAll rights reserved$$uhttp://www.europeana.eu/rights/rr-f/
000151276 655_4 $$ainfo:eu-repo/semantics/article$$vinfo:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion
000151276 700__ $$aSánchez-Castelló, María
000151276 700__ $$0(orcid)0000-0002-2259-2639$$aOrdóñez-Carrasco, Jorge L.$$uUniversidad de Zaragoza
000151276 700__ $$aRojas-Tejada, Antonio J.
000151276 7102_ $$14009$$2620$$aUniversidad de Zaragoza$$bDpto. Psicología y Sociología$$cÁrea Metod.Ciencias Comportam.
000151276 773__ $$g(2025), [10 pp.]$$pCurr. psychol.$$tCurrent Psychology$$x1046-1310
000151276 8564_ $$s1681404$$uhttps://zaguan.unizar.es/record/151276/files/texto_completo.pdf$$yVersión publicada
000151276 8564_ $$s2479886$$uhttps://zaguan.unizar.es/record/151276/files/texto_completo.jpg?subformat=icon$$xicon$$yVersión publicada
000151276 909CO $$ooai:zaguan.unizar.es:151276$$particulos$$pdriver
000151276 951__ $$a2025-03-07-09:31:09
000151276 980__ $$aARTICLE