151352 20251017144626.0 doi 10.1109/ACCESS.2021.3123867 sideral 127148 ART-2021-127148 eng Díez Señorans G. Universidad de Zaragoza (orcid)0000-0001-9131-0861 Digitization algorithms in ring oscillator physically unclonable functions as a main factor achieving hardware security 2021 Access copy available to the general public Unrestricted Since the discovery of the physical random functions and their subsequent refinement into physical unclonable functions (PUF), a great effort has been made in developing and characterizing these objects attending to their physical properties as well as conceiving a myriad of different examples in the search for a better application-specificity and suitability. However, comparatively little time has been devoted to the analysis of entropy extraction algorithms beyond the recognition of some limitations due to the environment influencing the PUF behavior. In this article we focus on well known PUF candidates based on ring oscillator delay, which are ideal for FPGA prototyping due to their tolerance to asymmetries in routing. We have studied the impact that different digitization algorithms of the responses have over their security properties. Specifically, we have analyzed the response probability distributions that arise from some popular techniques of digitization called "compensated measuring" methods, highlighting their lack of uniformity and how this might translate into cryptanalytically exploitable vulnerabilities. Furthermore, we propose a new family of digitization schemes named k-modular that exhibit both uniformity in response distribution and high entropy density on both physical and response space. info:eu-repo/grantAgreement/ES/AEI/PID2020-114110RA-I00 info:eu-repo/grantAgreement/ES/MINECO-FEDER/TEC2017-85867-R info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess by https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/deed.es 3.476 2021 COMPUTER SCIENCE, INFORMATION SYSTEMS 79 / 163 = 0.485 2021 Q2 T2 TELECOMMUNICATIONS 43 / 92 = 0.467 2021 Q2 T2 ENGINEERING, ELECTRICAL & ELECTRONIC 105 / 274 = 0.383 2021 Q2 T2 0.927 2021 Engineering (miscellaneous) 2021 Q1 Computer Science (miscellaneous) 2021 Q1 6.7 2021 info:eu-repo/semantics/article info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion García Bosque M. Universidad de Zaragoza (orcid)0000-0001-8648-6248 Sánchez Azqueta C. Universidad de Zaragoza (orcid)0000-0002-8236-825X Celma Pueyo, S. Universidad de Zaragoza (orcid)0000-0003-0182-7723 2002 385 Universidad de Zaragoza Dpto. Física Aplicada Área Física Aplicada 5008 250 Universidad de Zaragoza Dpto. Ingeniería Electrón.Com. Área Electrónica 9 (2021), 147343-147356 IEEE Access IEEE Access 2169-3536 4567339 http://zaguan.unizar.es/record/151352/files/texto_completo.pdf Versión publicada 2708042 http://zaguan.unizar.es/record/151352/files/texto_completo.jpg?subformat=icon icon Versión publicada oai:zaguan.unizar.es:151352 articulos driver 2025-10-17-14:24:08 ARTICLE