151481 20251017144623.0 doi 10.3390/smartcities4010022 sideral 126490 ART-2021-126490 eng Sanguesa, J.A. Universidad de Zaragoza (orcid)0000-0001-7657-0075 A Review on Electric Vehicles: Technologies and Challenges 2021 Access copy available to the general public Unrestricted Electric Vehicles (EVs) are gaining momentum due to several factors, including the price reduction as well as the climate and environmental awareness. This paper reviews the advances of EVs regarding battery technology trends, charging methods, as well as new research challenges and open opportunities. More specifically, an analysis of the worldwide market situation of EVs and their future prospects is carried out. Given that one of the fundamental aspects in EVs is the battery, the paper presents a thorough review of the battery technologies-from the Lead-acid batteries to the Lithium-ion. Moreover, we review the different standards that are available for EVs charging process, as well as the power control and battery energy management proposals. Finally, we conclude our work by presenting our vision about what is expected in the near future within this field, as well as the research aspects that are still open for both industry and academic communities. info:eu-repo/grantAgreement/ES/DGA-FSE/T40-20D info:eu-repo/grantAgreement/EC/H2020/857237/EU/Interoperable Solutions Connecting Smart Homes, Buildings and Grids/InterConnect This project has received funding from the European Union’s Horizon 2020 research and innovation program under grant agreement No H2020 857237-InterConnect info:eu-repo/grantAgreement/ES/MICINN/RTI2018-096384-B-100 info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess by https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/deed.es 5.5 2021 info:eu-repo/semantics/article info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion Torres-Sanz, V. Garrido, P. Universidad de Zaragoza (orcid)0000-0002-1750-7225 Martinez, F.J. Universidad de Zaragoza (orcid)0000-0001-6945-7330 Marquez-Barja, J.M. 5007 035 Universidad de Zaragoza Dpto. Informát.Ingenie.Sistms. Área Arquit.Tecnología Comput. 5007 570 Universidad de Zaragoza Dpto. Informát.Ingenie.Sistms. Área Lenguajes y Sistemas Inf. 4, 1 (2021), 372-404 Smart cities (Basel) Smart cities 2624-6511 1242256 http://zaguan.unizar.es/record/151481/files/texto_completo.pdf Versión publicada 2690164 http://zaguan.unizar.es/record/151481/files/texto_completo.jpg?subformat=icon icon Versión publicada oai:zaguan.unizar.es:151481 articulos driver 2025-10-17-14:22:41 ARTICLE