151603 20260418110656.0 doi 10.1007/s13280-025-02150-8 sideral 143247 ART-2025-143247 eng Morales-Reyes, Zebensui Farmer perceptions of the vulnerabilities of traditional livestock farming systems under global change 2025 Access copy available to the general public Unrestricted The continuity of traditional extensive livestock farming is being challenged by rapid socioeconomic and environmental changes, threatening livelihoods and ecosystem services critical to food security and sustainability. We conducted a large-scale assessment involving 255 livestock farmers across six extensive livestock farming systems in Spain to understand their perceptions of vulnerabilities. Using the Coupled Infrastructure Systems framework, we identified 24 different vulnerabilities, mainly caused by external socioeconomic and biophysical disturbances, such as resource costs, low profitability of livestock products, climate variability, and conflicts with wildlife. The main factors explaining these vulnerabilities were primary productivity, farm location, presence of large predators, and climatic conditions. The findings highlight the complex interplay of these factors and provide important insights for the maintenance of extensive livestock farming systems in Europe. This information is crucial for informing policy decisions aimed at supporting these farming systems and ensuring their contribution to food security, sustainability and biodiversity conservation. info:eu-repo/grantAgreement/ES/MCINN/RTI2018-099609-B-C21 info:eu-repo/grantAgreement/ES/MICINN-AEI/PRTR-C17.I1 info:eu-repo/grantAgreement/ES/MICINN/PID2019-104020RA-I00 info:eu-repo/grantAgreement/ES/MICINN/RYC-2019-027247-I info:eu-repo/grantAgreement/EUR/MICINN/TED2021-130005B-C21 info:eu-repo/grantAgreement/ES/MINECO/CGL2015-66966-C2-1-R info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess by https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/deed.es info:eu-repo/semantics/article info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion Barbosa, Jomar M. Sánchez-Zapata, José A. Pérez-Ibarra, Irene Universidad de Zaragoza (orcid)0000-0003-0715-0418 5011 235 Universidad de Zaragoza Dpto. CC.Agrar.y Medio Natural Área Econom.Sociol.Polit.Agra. 54 (2025), 1353-1371 Ambio AMBIO 0044-7447 3324045 http://zaguan.unizar.es/record/151603/files/texto_completo.pdf Versión publicada 2368737 http://zaguan.unizar.es/record/151603/files/texto_completo.jpg?subformat=icon icon Versión publicada oai:zaguan.unizar.es:151603 articulos driver 2026-04-18-11:05:07 ARTICLE