000152173 001__ 152173
000152173 005__ 20251017144550.0
000152173 0247_ $$2doi$$a10.1016/j.ecoenv.2025.118007
000152173 0248_ $$2sideral$$a143443
000152173 037__ $$aART-2025-143443
000152173 041__ $$aeng
000152173 100__ $$aRodríguez-Garraus, Adriana
000152173 245__ $$aIn vitro cell-transforming capacity of micro- and nanoplastics derived from 3D-printing waste
000152173 260__ $$c2025
000152173 5060_ $$aAccess copy available to the general public$$fUnrestricted
000152173 5203_ $$aThe increasing use of plastic polymers in 3D printing applications may lead to human exposure to micro- and nanoplastics (MNPLs), raising concerns regarding adverse health consequences such as cancer induction. Little attention has been given to MNPLs originated at the end of the life cycle of 3D-printed objects because of the mechanical and environmental degradation of plastic waste. This study assessed the carcinogenic potential of secondary MNPLs generated through cryomilling of 3D objects using the validated in vitro Bhas 42 cell transformation assay (CTA). Three-dimensional objects were printed using four types of polycarbonate (PC)- and polypropylene (PP)-modified thermoplastic filaments, undoped and doped with single-walled carbon nanotubes (PC-CNT) and silver nanoparticles (PP-Ag), respectively. MNPLs (< 5 µm) generated following a three-step top-down process were thoroughly characterized. Bhas 42 cells were treated once (initiation assay) or repeatedly (promotion assay) with several concentrations of MNPLs (3.125–100 µg/mL) mimicking realistic exposure conditions, and transformed foci formation was evaluated after 21 days. Furthermore, cellular internalization and the mRNA expression of seven genes previously recognized as part of a predictive early cell transformation signature were also evaluated. Despite being internalized, none of the particles was able to initiate or promote in vitro cell transformation, regardless of doping with nanomaterials. Alternatively, all the particles significantly increased and decreased the mRNA expression of Prl2c3 and Timp4, respectively, under promotion conditions, indicating early changes that occur before the formation of transformed foci. These findings suggest that the test MNPLs could have a tumorigenic potential despite not showing morphological changes in Bhas 42 cells.
000152173 540__ $$9info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess$$aby-nc$$uhttps://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/deed.es
000152173 655_4 $$ainfo:eu-repo/semantics/article$$vinfo:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion
000152173 700__ $$aVenäläinen, Mari
000152173 700__ $$aLyyränen, Jussi
000152173 700__ $$aPulli, Hanna
000152173 700__ $$aSalmatonidis, Apostolos
000152173 700__ $$aLotti, Davide
000152173 700__ $$aDomenech, Josefa
000152173 700__ $$aFernández, José F.
000152173 700__ $$aGuzmán-Mínguez, Jesús
000152173 700__ $$aIsasi-Vicente, Mikel
000152173 700__ $$aKatsumiti, Alberto
000152173 700__ $$aRodríguez-Llopis, Isabel
000152173 700__ $$aVázquez-Campos, Socorro
000152173 700__ $$aCarrière, Marie
000152173 700__ $$0(orcid)0000-0003-2936-242X$$aCatalán, Julia$$uUniversidad de Zaragoza
000152173 7102_ $$11001$$2420$$aUniversidad de Zaragoza$$bDpto. Anatom.,Embri.Genét.Ani.$$cÁrea Genética
000152173 773__ $$g293 (2025), 118007 [12 pp.]$$pEcotoxicol. environ. saf.$$tECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY$$x0147-6513
000152173 8564_ $$s8387965$$uhttps://zaguan.unizar.es/record/152173/files/texto_completo.pdf$$yVersión publicada
000152173 8564_ $$s2450182$$uhttps://zaguan.unizar.es/record/152173/files/texto_completo.jpg?subformat=icon$$xicon$$yVersión publicada
000152173 909CO $$ooai:zaguan.unizar.es:152173$$particulos$$pdriver
000152173 951__ $$a2025-10-17-14:11:35
000152173 980__ $$aARTICLE