doi:10.3390/drones9040248engMoraga , Álvarode Curtò, J.de Zarzà, I.Calafate, Carlos T.AI-Driven UAV and IoT Traffic Optimization: Large Language Models for Congestion and Emission Reduction in Smart CitiesART-2025-143411Traffic congestion and carbon emissions remain pressing challenges in urban mobility. This study explores the integration of UAV (drone)-based monitoring systems and IoT sensors, modeled as induction loops, with Large Language Models (LLMs) to optimize traffic flow. Using the SUMO simulator, we conducted experiments in three urban scenarios: Pacific Beach and Coronado in San Diego, and Argüelles in Madrid. A Gemini-2.0-Flash experimental LLM was interfaced with the simulation to dynamically adjust vehicle speeds based on real-time traffic conditions. Comparative results indicate that the AI-assisted approach significantly reduces congestion and CO2 emissions compared to a baseline simulation without AI intervention. This research highlights the potential of UAV-enhanced IoT frameworks for adaptive, scalable traffic management, aligning with the future of drone-assisted urban mobility solutions.2025http://zaguan.unizar.es/record/15218810.3390/drones9040248http://zaguan.unizar.es/record/152188oai:zaguan.unizar.es:152188Drones (Basel) 9, 248 (2025), [28 pp.]byhttps://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/deed.esinfo:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess