156628 20260226073948.0 doi 10.1007/s10311-025-01827-6 sideral 143848 ART-2025-143848 eng Ding, Wei Environmentally-friendly tanning for leather production: a review 2025 Access copy available to the general public Unrestricted Traditional industrial methods of the leather industry produce toxic chromium-containing wastewater and solid wastes, calling for alternative procedures. Here, we review greener technologies to produce leather with focus on principles to design materials, high-efficiency chrome tanning, chrome-free processes, e.g., organic tanning, combination tanning, nanomaterial-based tanning, and tanning agent-free technology, as well as high-performance post-tanning using multifunctional polymers, integrated tanning-dyeing systems, and socioeconomical aspects. High-efficiency chrome tanning is done by high-exhaustion chrome tanning or inverse chrome tanning, which reduce the usage of chrome. Organic tanning employs biomass-derived and polymeric tanning agents. info:eu-repo/grantAgreement/ES/AEI/RYC2021-033368-I info:eu-repo/grantAgreement/ES/DGA/T22-23R info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess All rights reserved http://www.europeana.eu/rights/rr-f/ info:eu-repo/semantics/article info:eu-repo/semantics/acceptedVersion (orcid)0000-0003-3315-5933 Remón, Javier Universidad de Zaragoza Jiang, Zhicheng 5005 555 Universidad de Zaragoza Dpto. Ing.Quím.Tecnol.Med.Amb. Área Ingeniería Química 23, 3 (2025), 839-864 Environ. Chem. Lett. Environmental Chemistry Letters 1610-3653 3132866 http://zaguan.unizar.es/record/156628/files/texto_completo.pdf Postprint info:eu-repo/date/embargoEnd/2026-02-25 2125491 http://zaguan.unizar.es/record/156628/files/texto_completo.jpg?subformat=icon icon Postprint info:eu-repo/date/embargoEnd/2026-02-25 oai:zaguan.unizar.es:156628 articulos driver 2026-02-25-14:59:52 ARTICLE