000160849 001__ 160849 000160849 005__ 20251017144550.0 000160849 0247_ $$2doi$$a10.1080/00036846.2025.2499209 000160849 0248_ $$2sideral$$a144065 000160849 037__ $$aART-2025-144065 000160849 041__ $$aeng 000160849 100__ $$0(orcid)0000-0001-5068-8438$$aAcero, Isabel$$uUniversidad de Zaragoza 000160849 245__ $$aGender pay gap among non-executive directors in Spanish boards 000160849 260__ $$c2025 000160849 5060_ $$aAccess copy available to the general public$$fUnrestricted 000160849 5203_ $$aThis study focuses on the existence or not of a gender pay gap (GPG) among non-executive directors (NEDs) in Spanish boards. For this purpose, we used a sample covering 4,018 positions/year for NEDs in 57 Spanish listed firms over a 10-year period (2013–2022). The results obtained suggest that, controlling for individual characteristics of the directors, the type of position held as well as the features of the company and its corporate governance system, female NEDs receive approximately 11% less remuneration than their male counterparts. Therefore, our findings do not support the idea that female directors are a scarce resource that firms compete for and reward. The results also highlight the need to differentiate by categories of directors when analysing the GPG in the board. In fact, we find that the GPG is higher for proprietary directors (around 18%) than for independent directors (around 6%). In terms of practical implications, our results may be of interest to policy-makers who are considering gender equity policies to break the glass ceiling. 000160849 536__ $$9info:eu-repo/grantAgreement/ES/DGA/S52-23R$$9info:eu-repo/grantAgreement/ES/MICINN/PID2021-123154NB-I00 000160849 540__ $$9info:eu-repo/semantics/embargoedAccess$$aby-nc-nd$$uhttps://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/deed.es 000160849 655_4 $$ainfo:eu-repo/semantics/article$$vinfo:eu-repo/semantics/acceptedVersion 000160849 700__ $$0(orcid)0000-0003-4767-913X$$aAlcalde, Nuria$$uUniversidad de Zaragoza 000160849 7102_ $$14012$$2650$$aUniversidad de Zaragoza$$bDpto. Direcc.Organiza.Empresas$$cÁrea Organización de Empresas 000160849 773__ $$g(2025), 1-13$$pAppl. econ.$$tApplied Economics$$x0003-6846 000160849 8564_ $$s413470$$uhttps://zaguan.unizar.es/record/160849/files/texto_completo.pdf$$yPostprint$$zinfo:eu-repo/date/embargoEnd/2026-11-06 000160849 8564_ $$s1343430$$uhttps://zaguan.unizar.es/record/160849/files/texto_completo.jpg?subformat=icon$$xicon$$yPostprint$$zinfo:eu-repo/date/embargoEnd/2026-11-06 000160849 909CO $$ooai:zaguan.unizar.es:160849$$particulos$$pdriver 000160849 951__ $$a2025-10-17-14:11:38 000160849 980__ $$aARTICLE