160849 20251017144550.0 doi 10.1080/00036846.2025.2499209 sideral 144065 ART-2025-144065 eng Acero, Isabel Universidad de Zaragoza (orcid)0000-0001-5068-8438 Gender pay gap among non-executive directors in Spanish boards 2025 Access copy available to the general public Unrestricted This study focuses on the existence or not of a gender pay gap (GPG) among non-executive directors (NEDs) in Spanish boards. For this purpose, we used a sample covering 4,018 positions/year for NEDs in 57 Spanish listed firms over a 10-year period (2013–2022). The results obtained suggest that, controlling for individual characteristics of the directors, the type of position held as well as the features of the company and its corporate governance system, female NEDs receive approximately 11% less remuneration than their male counterparts. Therefore, our findings do not support the idea that female directors are a scarce resource that firms compete for and reward. The results also highlight the need to differentiate by categories of directors when analysing the GPG in the board. In fact, we find that the GPG is higher for proprietary directors (around 18%) than for independent directors (around 6%). In terms of practical implications, our results may be of interest to policy-makers who are considering gender equity policies to break the glass ceiling. info:eu-repo/grantAgreement/ES/DGA/S52-23R info:eu-repo/grantAgreement/ES/MICINN/PID2021-123154NB-I00 info:eu-repo/semantics/embargoedAccess by-nc-nd https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/deed.es info:eu-repo/semantics/article info:eu-repo/semantics/acceptedVersion Alcalde, Nuria Universidad de Zaragoza (orcid)0000-0003-4767-913X 4012 650 Universidad de Zaragoza Dpto. Direcc.Organiza.Empresas Área Organización de Empresas (2025), 1-13 Appl. econ. Applied Economics 0003-6846 413470 http://zaguan.unizar.es/record/160849/files/texto_completo.pdf Postprint info:eu-repo/date/embargoEnd/2026-11-06 1343430 http://zaguan.unizar.es/record/160849/files/texto_completo.jpg?subformat=icon icon Postprint info:eu-repo/date/embargoEnd/2026-11-06 oai:zaguan.unizar.es:160849 articulos driver 2025-10-17-14:11:38 ARTICLE