161096 20251017144632.0 doi 10.1016/j.cles.2025.100194 sideral 144218 ART-2025-144218 eng Galiza, João Marcelo Fernandes Gualberto Comparative operational carbon footprints of a vehicle in Brazil: Electric, ethanol, and gasoline 2025 Access copy available to the general public Unrestricted This study quantifies the operational carbon footprint of the Renault Kwid E-Tech (electric vehicle) and Renault Kwid Intense flex (gasoline and ethanol internal combustion engine vehicle) under a Well-to-Wheel approach within the Brazilian context. With a functional unit of 100,000 km, this analysis evaluates greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions associated with fuel consumption and considers different electric mixes across Brazilian regions, along with the periodic maintenance of each vehicle type. The results reveal significant environmental benefits in regions such as the Northeast, where renewable energy sources predominate, reducing the carbon footprint of the electric model, with a carbon footprint of 0.071 kg CO2-eq/kWh. By contrast, the higher carbon intensity of the South’s electricity mix reliant on coal, with a carbon footprint of 0.281 kg CO2-eq/kWh, presents limitations in achieving emissions reductions with electric vehicles. Ethanol, a renewable biofuel in the Brazilian market, demonstrated a 46 % reduction in GHG emissions compared to gasoline. This study contributes to the sustainable mobility discourse, highlighting the critical role of regional energy sources, fuel choices, and sustainable production practices in emissions outcome. These insights support the development of policies encouraging cleaner energy matrices and biofuel use, contributing to Brazil's emissions reduction goals. info:eu-repo/grantAgreement/ES/MICINN/RYC2021-034265-I info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess by-nc https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/deed.es info:eu-repo/semantics/article info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion Guillén-Lambea, Silvia Universidad de Zaragoza (orcid)0000-0003-3269-023X Carvalho, Monica 5004 590 Universidad de Zaragoza Dpto. Ingeniería Mecánica Área Máquinas y Motores Térmi. 12 (2025), 100194 [8 pp.] Cleaner energy systems 2772-7831 1934031 http://zaguan.unizar.es/record/161096/files/texto_completo.pdf Versión publicada 2423334 http://zaguan.unizar.es/record/161096/files/texto_completo.jpg?subformat=icon icon Versión publicada oai:zaguan.unizar.es:161096 articulos driver 2025-10-17-14:27:10 ARTICLE