000161701 001__ 161701 000161701 005__ 20251017144605.0 000161701 0247_ $$2doi$$a10.1142/S2382624X25400132 000161701 0248_ $$2sideral$$a144346 000161701 037__ $$aART-2025-144346 000161701 041__ $$aeng 000161701 100__ $$0(orcid)0000-0002-9074-2942$$aAlbiac, José$$uUniversidad de Zaragoza 000161701 245__ $$aThe impact of climate change on the water sector in Spain 000161701 260__ $$c2025 000161701 5060_ $$aAccess copy available to the general public$$fUnrestricted 000161701 5203_ $$aThe stress on water resources is very high in the Mediterranean region, with pressures driven by substantial irrigation withdrawals. The impacts of climate change will be severe in the region, which will require a more sustainable water management. In Spain, the strong growth in income and population has doubled water withdrawals and degraded water quality since the 1960s. Although water management in Spain is based on stakeholders’ cooperation, the ample range of policy and investment initiatives has been unable to stop water scarcity in basins. The worst scarcity situation pervades the basins of southern Spain, which are almost closed basins with dwindling outflows in the Segura, Jucar and Guadalquivir estuaries. The Spanish plan for adaptation requires integrating climate change in water planning, and the adaptation measures considered are augmenting supply, curbing demand, irrigation modernization and better control of groundwater. Desalinated seawater and treated urban wastewater are already used in southern basins, and will be expanded in the short term. However, the water unbalance in the long term will require an enormous desalination capacity, or else a strong reduction of irrigation withdrawals, both with high costs to farmers. The evaluation of climate adaptation measures in selected basins indicates the outcomes from alternative policy strategies that impact economic activities and environmental flows. 000161701 540__ $$9info:eu-repo/semantics/embargoedAccess$$aAll rights reserved$$uhttp://www.europeana.eu/rights/rr-f/ 000161701 655_4 $$ainfo:eu-repo/semantics/article$$vinfo:eu-repo/semantics/acceptedVersion 000161701 700__ $$0(orcid)0000-0002-4485-3158$$aEsteban, Encarna$$uUniversidad de Zaragoza 000161701 700__ $$0(orcid)0000-0002-7793-7892$$aCalvo, Elena$$uUniversidad de Zaragoza 000161701 700__ $$0(orcid)0000-0003-3552-1810$$aMartínez, Yolanda$$uUniversidad de Zaragoza 000161701 700__ $$aBaccour, Safa 000161701 700__ $$aKahil, Taher 000161701 7102_ $$14000$$2415$$aUniversidad de Zaragoza$$bDpto. Análisis Económico$$cÁrea Fund. Análisis Económico 000161701 773__ $$g(2025), [32 pp.]$$tWater Economics and Policy$$x2382-624X 000161701 8564_ $$s882517$$uhttps://zaguan.unizar.es/record/161701/files/texto_completo.pdf$$yPostprint$$zinfo:eu-repo/date/embargoEnd/2026-06-06 000161701 8564_ $$s1410000$$uhttps://zaguan.unizar.es/record/161701/files/texto_completo.jpg?subformat=icon$$xicon$$yPostprint$$zinfo:eu-repo/date/embargoEnd/2026-06-06 000161701 909CO $$ooai:zaguan.unizar.es:161701$$particulos$$pdriver 000161701 951__ $$a2025-10-17-14:15:08 000161701 980__ $$aARTICLE