000161710 001__ 161710
000161710 005__ 20251017144628.0
000161710 0247_ $$2doi$$a10.1186/s13028-025-00814-9
000161710 0248_ $$2sideral$$a144334
000161710 037__ $$aART-2025-144334
000161710 041__ $$aeng
000161710 100__ $$0(orcid)0000-0001-6209-4282$$aVillanueva-Saz, Sergio$$uUniversidad de Zaragoza
000161710 245__ $$aAbscence of specific humoral response in three dogs with clinical leishmaniosis
000161710 260__ $$c2025
000161710 5060_ $$aAccess copy available to the general public$$fUnrestricted
000161710 5203_ $$aBackground
Canine leishmaniosis, caused by Leishmania infantum, is a vector-borne disease. The immune response in infected dogs determines the clinical outcome, with a strong cell-mediated immune response linked to parasite control and mild clinical signs, while a humoral-dominant response is associated with severe disease. Low antibody levels in clinically asymptomatic dogs with negative molecular and/or parasitological test results may reflect prior exposure or the early stages of Leishmania infection. In contrast, elevated antibody levels are typically correlated with a high parasitic burden and active disease. The detection of dogs with clinical leishmaniosis and null-specific immune response against L. infantum is uncommon. However, this presentation has also been described in human leishmaniasis with the absence of humoral response detected by conventional serological methods.
Case presentation
Case 1, a 9-year-old Border Collie, showed splenomegaly and Leishmania amastigotes within splenic macrophages. Case 2, a 10-month-old French Bulldog, had chronic anorexia and malabsorption syndrome with granulomatous splenitis and amastigotes confirmed by immunohistochemistry. Finally, case 3, a 7-year-old cross-breed, presented with cutaneous nodules and nasal ulcerative dermatitis, with Leishmania amastigotes detected histologically and confirmed by immunohistochemistry. All dogs were seronegative by two quantitative serological tests including indirect immunofluorescent test and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. The identification of the parasite in the affected organ established a clear cause-and-effect relationship. Consequently, anti-Leishmania treatment was initiated, consisting of allopurinol (10 mg/kg orally twice daily) and meglumine antimoniate (50 mg/kg subcutaneously twice daily for four weeks) in cases 1 and 3. In case 1, a favourable clinical response was noted, with a normal abdominal ultrasound and a negative result by quantitative molecular test from material obtained via ultrasound-guided splenic puncture. In case 3, the administration of meglumine antimoniate resulted in the resolution of dermatological signs. Clinical follow-up and anti-Leishmania treatment could not be performed for case 2.
Conclusions
These findings highlight the diagnostic challenges in detecting clinical leishmaniosis in seronegative dogs. The absence of a specific humoral response should be considered, emphasizing the importance of using multiple diagnostic methods, including cytology, and histopathology with immunohistochemistry. This case series underscores the need for a comprehensive approach in diagnosing and managing canine leishmaniosis.
000161710 540__ $$9info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess$$aby$$uhttps://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/deed.es
000161710 655_4 $$ainfo:eu-repo/semantics/article$$vinfo:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion
000161710 700__ $$aMarteles, Diana$$uUniversidad de Zaragoza
000161710 700__ $$aOrtuñez, Ámparo
000161710 700__ $$0(orcid)0000-0002-4460-1786$$aAceña, María C.$$uUniversidad de Zaragoza
000161710 700__ $$aDavies, Janine E.$$uUniversidad de Zaragoza
000161710 700__ $$aRiera, Cristina
000161710 700__ $$0(orcid)0000-0003-4417-7919$$aBorobia, María
000161710 700__ $$0(orcid)0000-0003-2957-1379$$aVerde, Maite$$uUniversidad de Zaragoza
000161710 700__ $$0(orcid)0000-0002-9723-9004$$aGómez, Álex$$uUniversidad de Zaragoza
000161710 7102_ $$11009$$2773$$aUniversidad de Zaragoza$$bDpto. Patología Animal$$cÁrea Sanidad Animal
000161710 7102_ $$11009$$2617$$aUniversidad de Zaragoza$$bDpto. Patología Animal$$cÁrea Medicina y Cirugía Animal
000161710 773__ $$g67, 1 (2025), 7$$pActa vet. Scand.$$tActa veterinaria Scandinavica$$x0044-605X
000161710 8564_ $$s1329159$$uhttps://zaguan.unizar.es/record/161710/files/texto_completo.pdf$$yVersión publicada
000161710 8564_ $$s2250122$$uhttps://zaguan.unizar.es/record/161710/files/texto_completo.jpg?subformat=icon$$xicon$$yVersión publicada
000161710 909CO $$ooai:zaguan.unizar.es:161710$$particulos$$pdriver
000161710 951__ $$a2025-10-17-14:24:59
000161710 980__ $$aARTICLE