000161845 001__ 161845
000161845 005__ 20251017144558.0
000161845 0247_ $$2doi$$a10.1007/s40279-025-02258-7
000161845 0248_ $$2sideral$$a144570
000161845 037__ $$aART-2025-144570
000161845 041__ $$aeng
000161845 100__ $$aHu, Ke
000161845 245__ $$aHealth and performance challenges in the era of human enhancement: Insights from sport medicine professionals
000161845 260__ $$c2025
000161845 5060_ $$aAccess copy available to the general public$$fUnrestricted
000161845 5203_ $$aBackground: In the pursuit of sporting success, some elite athletes prioritise peak performance over long-term health, frequently resulting in significant and enduring health consequences. The Enhanced Games (TEG) position themselves as a bold experiment in transhumanism, advocating for the use of performance-enhancing drugs (PEDs), including methods banned by World Anti-Doping Agency (WADA), to push the boundaries of human athletic potential. Objectives: The aim of this study is to explore the perspectives of sport physicians, sport scientists, physiotherapists and other allied healthcare professionals on treating and supporting “enhanced athletes”, with the view of informing future guidelines. Methods: Participants were invited via email and personal contacts within sport medicine communities to complete a brief anonymous survey via QuestionPro™. Descriptive statistics were performed using Excel™ and RStudio™. Results: A total of 323 healthcare professionals responded (82% were sport physicians), among whom 74% expressed a willingness to treat acute lesions and/or chronic diseases in “enhanced athletes”. In comparison, a considerable minority (30%) expressed support for assisting athletes in their use of PEDs and methods under medically supervised conditions, with high consistency across professional roles. A relatively high readiness was observed in sport physicians treating acute (77% versus 58%; p < 0.01) and chronic (75% versus 63%; p = 0.11) diseases for “enhanced athletes”. As far as WADA rules and/or national anti-doping laws apply, this support presupposes compliance with the code and the respective national laws to protect physicians from serious professional, legal and personal consequences. Conclusion: The preliminary findings align with the broader goal of fostering a sport culture that values both peak performance and the short- and long-term health of all participants. These results emphasise the necessity of implementing professional guidelines and comprehensive support systems designed to safeguard the long-term well-being of all athletes and underscore the urgent need for further research into the impact of TEG on sport and its community.
000161845 540__ $$9info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess$$aby$$uhttps://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/deed.es
000161845 655_4 $$ainfo:eu-repo/semantics/article$$vinfo:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion
000161845 700__ $$aSchneider, Christian
000161845 700__ $$aHutchinson, Mark R.
000161845 700__ $$aErgen, Emin
000161845 700__ $$aGeistlinger, Michael
000161845 700__ $$aKilloughery, Iain
000161845 700__ $$aBraumann, Klaus-Michael
000161845 700__ $$aLazzoli, José Kawazoe
000161845 700__ $$aSeto, Jane
000161845 700__ $$aBigard, Xavier
000161845 700__ $$aDebruyne, André
000161845 700__ $$aJegier, Anna
000161845 700__ $$aPapadopoulou, Theodora
000161845 700__ $$aManonelles, Pedro
000161845 700__ $$aArroyo, Francisco
000161845 700__ $$aGhrairi, Mourad
000161845 700__ $$aCintrón, Ana V.
000161845 700__ $$aZupet, Petra
000161845 700__ $$aLeitão, Marcelo Bichels
000161845 700__ $$aKayikci, Umutcan
000161845 700__ $$aKopile, Daniel Arkader
000161845 700__ $$aPigozzi, Fabio
000161845 700__ $$aFossati, Chiara
000161845 700__ $$aDi Gianfrancesco, Alessia
000161845 700__ $$aDi Luigi, Luigi
000161845 700__ $$aStafrace, Kirill Micallef
000161845 700__ $$aIonescu, Anca
000161845 700__ $$aWolfarth, Bernd
000161845 700__ $$aErgün, Metin
000161845 700__ $$aRoberts, William O.
000161845 700__ $$aNatsis, Konstantinos
000161845 700__ $$aTooth, Camille
000161845 700__ $$aRozenštoka, Sandra
000161845 700__ $$0(orcid)0000-0002-7215-6931$$aCasajús, José Antonio$$uUniversidad de Zaragoza
000161845 700__ $$0(orcid)0000-0002-9191-9033$$aMuñiz-Pardos, Borja$$uUniversidad de Zaragoza
000161845 700__ $$aNahon, Roberto Lohn
000161845 700__ $$aShroff, Malav
000161845 700__ $$aXie, Minhao
000161845 700__ $$aConstantinou, Demitri
000161845 700__ $$avan Rensburg, Dina CJanse
000161845 700__ $$aÜlkar, Bülent
000161845 700__ $$aJowett, Andrew
000161845 700__ $$aBadtieva, Victoriya
000161845 700__ $$aKaux, Jean-François
000161845 700__ $$aBaumgartl, Peter
000161845 700__ $$aPapaellina, Clea Hadjistephanou
000161845 700__ $$aSteinacker, Jürgen
000161845 700__ $$aMotta-Pensabene, Julio
000161845 700__ $$aReer, Rüdiger
000161845 700__ $$aBachl, Norbert
000161845 700__ $$aMigliorini, Sergio
000161845 700__ $$aZahar, Maher
000161845 700__ $$aStuart, Mark
000161845 700__ $$aBilzon, James
000161845 700__ $$aMassazza, Giuseppe
000161845 700__ $$aDi Pietro, Bruno
000161845 700__ $$aHassan, Khaled Massoud
000161845 700__ $$aDrummond, Felix Albuquerque
000161845 700__ $$aFincoeur, Bertrand
000161845 700__ $$aPetróczi, Andrea
000161845 700__ $$aPitsiladis, Yannis
000161845 7102_ $$11006$$2245$$aUniversidad de Zaragoza$$bDpto. Fisiatría y Enfermería$$cÁrea Educación Física y Depor.
000161845 773__ $$g(2025), [14 pp.]$$pSports med.$$tSPORTS MEDICINE$$x0112-1642
000161845 8564_ $$s1086522$$uhttps://zaguan.unizar.es/record/161845/files/texto_completo.pdf$$yVersión publicada
000161845 8564_ $$s2628453$$uhttps://zaguan.unizar.es/record/161845/files/texto_completo.jpg?subformat=icon$$xicon$$yVersión publicada
000161845 909CO $$ooai:zaguan.unizar.es:161845$$particulos$$pdriver
000161845 951__ $$a2025-10-17-14:13:46
000161845 980__ $$aARTICLE