000162346 001__ 162346
000162346 005__ 20251017144630.0
000162346 0247_ $$2doi$$a10.1109/TGRS.2025.3585426
000162346 0248_ $$2sideral$$a144885
000162346 037__ $$aART-2025-144885
000162346 041__ $$aeng
000162346 100__ $$0(orcid)0009-0007-8481-0981$$aHerráiz-López, Víctor$$uUniversidad de Zaragoza
000162346 245__ $$aFull Winter Season Measurement of Snowpack Height and Backscattering Coefficient Using a 120-GHz Ultrawideband FMCW Radar
000162346 260__ $$c2025
000162346 5060_ $$aAccess copy available to the general public$$fUnrestricted
000162346 5203_ $$aIn this article, we present a 120-GHz ultrawideband (3.3 GHz) frequency-modulated continuous wave (FMCW) radar, designed using a millimeter-wave (mmWave) transceiver, and its application to the measurement of snowpack height over two full winter seasons. This system achieves 2 cm accuracy across the diverse snowpack and environmental conditions encountered during the winter season. Its main advantages over conventional measurement techniques are good performance during heavy snowfall, correct detection of fresh fallen snow, spatial averaging, and low temperature dependence. Furthermore, our system is able to measure the backscattering coefficient of the snowpack, which is predominantly influenced by the liquid water content (LWC) of its surface layer. This relationship is confirmed by experimental measurements and numerical simulations, and could enable noninvasive first layer LWC estimations. Hence, we prove mmWave radar to be a reliable technology for snowpack monitoring under different environmental and snowpack conditions, with a wide range of applications in hydrological forecasting, avalanche risk assessment, and environmental monitoring.
000162346 536__ $$9info:eu-repo/grantAgreement/ES/AEI/PID2021-124451OB-I00$$9info:eu-repo/grantAgreement/ES/AEI/TED2021-131180B-I00$$9info:eu-repo/grantAgreement/ES/DGA-FSE/T20-23R
000162346 540__ $$9info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess$$aby$$uhttps://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/deed.es
000162346 655_4 $$ainfo:eu-repo/semantics/article$$vinfo:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion
000162346 700__ $$0(orcid)0000-0002-3813-6136$$aSubías Martín, Adrián$$uUniversidad de Zaragoza
000162346 700__ $$0(orcid)0000-0002-6144-7928$$aSalinas, Iñigo$$uUniversidad de Zaragoza
000162346 700__ $$aBuisán, Samuel T.
000162346 700__ $$0(orcid)0000-0003-0775-4641$$aAlonso, Rafael$$uUniversidad de Zaragoza
000162346 7102_ $$12002$$2385$$aUniversidad de Zaragoza$$bDpto. Física Aplicada$$cÁrea Física Aplicada
000162346 7102_ $$15008$$2800$$aUniversidad de Zaragoza$$bDpto. Ingeniería Electrón.Com.$$cÁrea Teoría Señal y Comunicac.
000162346 773__ $$g63 (2025), 4302011 [11 pp.]$$pIEEE trans. geosci. remote sens.$$tIEEE TRANSACTIONS ON GEOSCIENCE AND REMOTE SENSING$$x0196-2892
000162346 8564_ $$s1926075$$uhttps://zaguan.unizar.es/record/162346/files/texto_completo.pdf$$yVersión publicada
000162346 8564_ $$s3579547$$uhttps://zaguan.unizar.es/record/162346/files/texto_completo.jpg?subformat=icon$$xicon$$yVersión publicada
000162346 909CO $$ooai:zaguan.unizar.es:162346$$particulos$$pdriver
000162346 951__ $$a2025-10-17-14:26:03
000162346 980__ $$aARTICLE