000162517 001__ 162517 000162517 005__ 20251017144640.0 000162517 0247_ $$2doi$$a10.1038/s41467-025-62266-z 000162517 0248_ $$2sideral$$a145088 000162517 037__ $$aART-2025-145088 000162517 041__ $$aeng 000162517 100__ $$aLira Garrido, Jaime 000162517 245__ $$aThe genomic history of Iberian horses since the last Ice Age 000162517 260__ $$c2025 000162517 5060_ $$aAccess copy available to the general public$$fUnrestricted 000162517 5203_ $$aHorses have inhabited Iberia (present-day Spain and Portugal) since the Middle Pleistocene, shaping a complex history in the region. Iberia has been proposed as a potential domestication centre and is renowned for producing world-class bloodlines. Here, we generate genome-wide sequence data from 87 ancient horse specimens (median coverage = 0.97X) from Iberia and the broader Mediterranean to reconstruct their genetic history over the last ~26,000 years. Here, we report that wild horses of the divergent IBE lineage inhabited Iberia from the Late Pleistocene, while domesticated DOM2 horses, native from the Pontic-Caspian steppes, already arrived ~1850 BCE. Admixture dating suggests breeding practices involving continued wild restocking until at least ~350 BCE, with IBE disappearing shortly after. Patterns of genetic affinity highlight the far-reaching influence of Iberian bloodlines across Europe and north Africa during the Iron Age and Antiquity, with continued impact extending thereafter, particularly during the colonization of the Americas. 000162517 536__ $$9info:eu-repo/grantAgreement/ES/MCINN-FEDER/PID2020-113369RJ-I00 000162517 540__ $$9info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess$$aby-nc-nd$$uhttps://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/deed.es 000162517 655_4 $$ainfo:eu-repo/semantics/article$$vinfo:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion 000162517 700__ $$aTressières, Gaétan 000162517 700__ $$aChauvey, Lorelei 000162517 700__ $$aSchiavinato, Stéphanie 000162517 700__ $$aCalvière-Tonasso, Laure 000162517 700__ $$aSeguin-Orlando, Andaine 000162517 700__ $$aSouthon, John 000162517 700__ $$aShapiro, Beth 000162517 700__ $$aBataille, Clément 000162517 700__ $$aBirgel, Julie 000162517 700__ $$aWagner, Stefanie 000162517 700__ $$aKhan, Naveed 000162517 700__ $$aLiu, Xuexue 000162517 700__ $$0(orcid)0000-0001-9644-4252$$aRodanés, José María$$uUniversidad de Zaragoza 000162517 700__ $$0(orcid)0000-0002-4726-819X$$aPicazo Millán, Jesús V.$$uUniversidad de Zaragoza 000162517 700__ $$aGiralt, Josep 000162517 700__ $$aAlonso, Natàlia 000162517 700__ $$aAguilera, Isidro 000162517 700__ $$aOrsingher, Adriano 000162517 700__ $$aTrentacoste, Angela 000162517 700__ $$aPayà, Xavier 000162517 700__ $$aMorán, Marta 000162517 700__ $$aIborra Eres, María Pilar 000162517 700__ $$aAlbizuri, Silvia 000162517 700__ $$aValenzuela Lamas, Silvia 000162517 700__ $$aMestres Santandreu, Imma 000162517 700__ $$aDuran Caixal, Montserrat 000162517 700__ $$aPrincipal, Jordi 000162517 700__ $$aFarré Huguet, Jordi 000162517 700__ $$aEsteve, Xavier 000162517 700__ $$aPedro Pasqual, Mireia 000162517 700__ $$aSala, Nohemi 000162517 700__ $$aPablos, Adrián 000162517 700__ $$aMartín, Patricia 000162517 700__ $$aVergès, Josep Maria 000162517 700__ $$aPortero, Rodrigo 000162517 700__ $$aArias, Pablo 000162517 700__ $$aOntañón Peredo, Roberto 000162517 700__ $$aDetry, Cleia 000162517 700__ $$aLuís, Cristina 000162517 700__ $$aCardoso, João Luís 000162517 700__ $$aMaeir, Aren M. 000162517 700__ $$aValente, Maria J. 000162517 700__ $$aGrau, Elena 000162517 700__ $$aEstall i Poles, Vicent 000162517 700__ $$aAlfonso Llorens, Joaquín 000162517 700__ $$aMiguélez González, Ana 000162517 700__ $$aGardeisen, Armelle 000162517 700__ $$aCupitò, Michele 000162517 700__ $$aTecchiati, Umberto 000162517 700__ $$aBradley, Daniel G. 000162517 700__ $$aKolska Horwitz, Liora 000162517 700__ $$aRodríguez González, Esther 000162517 700__ $$aNieto Espinet, Ariadna 000162517 700__ $$0(orcid)0000-0003-2942-2840$$aBover, Pere 000162517 700__ $$aRuiz Entrecanales, Rosa 000162517 700__ $$aGarcés Estallo, Ignasi 000162517 700__ $$aJiménez Fragoso, Joaquín 000162517 700__ $$aCelestino, Sebastián 000162517 700__ $$aOrlando, Ludovic 000162517 7102_ $$13000$$2695$$aUniversidad de Zaragoza$$bDpto. Ciencias de la Antigüed.$$cÁrea Prehistoria 000162517 773__ $$g16, 1 (2025), 7098 [14 pp.]$$tNature communications$$x2041-1723 000162517 8564_ $$s10841867$$uhttps://zaguan.unizar.es/record/162517/files/texto_completo.pdf$$yVersión publicada 000162517 8564_ $$s2836111$$uhttps://zaguan.unizar.es/record/162517/files/texto_completo.jpg?subformat=icon$$xicon$$yVersión publicada 000162517 909CO $$ooai:zaguan.unizar.es:162517$$particulos$$pdriver 000162517 951__ $$a2025-10-17-14:31:28 000162517 980__ $$aARTICLE