000162603 001__ 162603
000162603 005__ 20251017144649.0
000162603 0247_ $$2doi$$a10.3390/pharmaceutics17080979
000162603 0248_ $$2sideral$$a145147
000162603 037__ $$aART-2025-145147
000162603 041__ $$aeng
000162603 100__ $$aWerner, Álvaro
000162603 245__ $$aExploring Ibuprofen–Menthol Eutectic Systems: Physicochemical Properties and Cytotoxicity for Pharmaceutical Applications
000162603 260__ $$c2025
000162603 5060_ $$aAccess copy available to the general public$$fUnrestricted
000162603 5203_ $$aRecent pharmaceutical research has increasingly focused on eutectic systems to improve the formulation and delivery of active pharmaceutical ingredients (APIs). This study presents the preparation and characterization of three therapeutic eutectic systems (THEESs) based on ibuprofen and menthol at various molar ratios. Methods: The THEESs were prepared and analyzed by assessing their physicochemical properties and rheological properties were evaluated to determine flow behavior. Cytotoxicity assays were conducted on HaCaT and HepG2 cell lines to assess biocompatibility. Results: All systems formed monophasic, homogeneous, clear and viscous liquids. Key physicochemical properties, including density, refractive index, surface tension, speed of sound and isobaric heat capacity, showed a temperature-dependent, inverse proportional trend. Viscosity followed the Vogel–Fulcher–Tammann equation, and rheological analysis revealed non-Newtonian behavior, which is important for pharmaceutical processing. Notably, cytotoxicity assays revealed that Ibu-M3 and Ibu-M4 showed lower toxicity than pure compounds in HaCaT cells, while Ibu-M5 was more toxic; in HepG2 cells, only Ibu-M3 was less toxic, whereas Ibu-M4 and Ibu-M5 were more cytotoxic than the pure compounds. Conclusions: These findings highlight the potential of ibuprofen–menthol eutectic systems for safer and more effective pharmaceutical formulations.
000162603 536__ $$9info:eu-repo/grantAgreement/ES/DGA/B58-23R$$9info:eu-repo/grantAgreement/ES/DGA/E31-23R
000162603 540__ $$9info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess$$aby$$uhttps://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/deed.es
000162603 655_4 $$ainfo:eu-repo/semantics/article$$vinfo:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion
000162603 700__ $$aZuriaga, Estefanía
000162603 700__ $$aSanz, Marina$$uUniversidad de Zaragoza
000162603 700__ $$0(orcid)0000-0003-3641-1568$$aBergua, Fernando
000162603 700__ $$0(orcid)0000-0001-8669-2789$$aGiner, Beatriz
000162603 700__ $$0(orcid)0000-0003-3632-6822$$aLafuente, Carlos$$uUniversidad de Zaragoza
000162603 700__ $$aLomba, Laura
000162603 7102_ $$12012$$2755$$aUniversidad de Zaragoza$$bDpto. Química Física$$cÁrea Química Física
000162603 7102_ $$11002$$2060$$aUniversidad de Zaragoza$$bDpto. Bioq.Biolog.Mol. Celular$$cÁrea Bioquímica y Biolog.Mole.
000162603 773__ $$g17, 8 (2025), 979 [22 pp.]$$pPharmaceutics$$tPharmaceutics$$x1999-4923
000162603 8564_ $$s5356393$$uhttps://zaguan.unizar.es/record/162603/files/texto_completo.pdf$$yVersión publicada
000162603 8564_ $$s2501835$$uhttps://zaguan.unizar.es/record/162603/files/texto_completo.jpg?subformat=icon$$xicon$$yVersión publicada
000162603 909CO $$ooai:zaguan.unizar.es:162603$$particulos$$pdriver
000162603 951__ $$a2025-10-17-14:35:32
000162603 980__ $$aARTICLE