162643 20260217205510.0 doi 10.1109/ACCESS.2024.3382251 sideral 138135 ART-2024-138135 eng Ponce, David Augmented reality to assess short-term spatial memory: a comparative study of olfactory, visual, and tactile stimuli 2024 Access copy available to the general public Unrestricted This work presents an Augmented Reality application based on SLAM (Simultaneous Localization and Mapping) for the assessment of spatial memory involving olfactory stimuli. A study was carried with twenty-five adults. The participants of the study completed two phases (a learning phase and an evaluation phase). In the learning phase, the participants physically walk around a real environment and have to remember the location of olfactory stimuli. In the evaluation phase, the participants have to remember the location of olfactory stimuli learned in the previous phase. The data of this study is compared with those obtained in a previous study involving visual and tactile stimuli (N = 47). The results indicate that the olfactory stimuli did not offer significant differences with respect to the visual stimuli for the correct placement of stimuli and the number of attempts in the evaluation phase. The olfactory stimuli had better results compared to the tactile stimuli for the correct placement of the stimuli in the evaluation phase and there was a significantly lower number of attempts. The time required in the learning and evaluation phases was greater for the olfactory stimuli compared to the other two stimuli, which is justified by the physical and mechanical characteristics of each of the stimuli. The results show that this type of memory task for the olfactory stimuli is independent of gender and age. All of these results suggest that olfactory stimuli are valid stimuli for assessing the memorization of olfactory-spatial associations and are similar to the level of visual stimuli and better than tactile stimuli. info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess by https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/deed.es 3.6 2024 COMPUTER SCIENCE, INFORMATION SYSTEMS 93 / 258 = 0.36 2024 Q2 T2 TELECOMMUNICATIONS 51 / 120 = 0.425 2024 Q2 T2 ENGINEERING, ELECTRICAL & ELECTRONIC 130 / 368 = 0.353 2024 Q2 T2 0.849 2024 Computer Science (miscellaneous) 2024 Q1 Engineering (miscellaneous) 2024 Q1 Materials Science (miscellaneous) 2024 Q2 9.0 2024 info:eu-repo/semantics/article info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion Torres, Celia Mendez-Lopez, Magdalena Universidad de Zaragoza (orcid)0000-0002-4249-602X Molla, Ramon Juan, M.-Carmen 4009 725 Universidad de Zaragoza Dpto. Psicología y Sociología Área Psicobiología 12 (2024), 47041-47056 IEEE Access IEEE Access 2169-3536 2686196 http://zaguan.unizar.es/record/162643/files/texto_completo.pdf Versión publicada 2612143 http://zaguan.unizar.es/record/162643/files/texto_completo.jpg?subformat=icon icon Versión publicada oai:zaguan.unizar.es:162643 articulos driver 2026-02-17-20:24:56 ARTICLE