000162695 001__ 162695 000162695 005__ 20251017144559.0 000162695 0247_ $$2doi$$a10.1109/OJCOMS.2025.3588334 000162695 0248_ $$2sideral$$a145307 000162695 037__ $$aART-2025-145307 000162695 041__ $$aeng 000162695 100__ $$0(orcid)0000-0002-2616-3735$$aWaseem, Muhammad$$uUniversidad de Zaragoza 000162695 245__ $$aUnderstanding the Potentials of Narrowband Internet of Things (NB-IoT) Cellular Technology: Salient Features, Architecture, Smart Applications and Quality of Service (QoS) Challenges 000162695 260__ $$c2025 000162695 5060_ $$aAccess copy available to the general public$$fUnrestricted 000162695 5203_ $$aSince the last decade, the number of Internet of Things (IoT) devices has increased dramatically and to operate them at low power has been a great challenge. Therefore, significant efforts have been made by the researchers to innovate such technologies that may operate the IoT devices at low power. In this context, several Low Power Wide Area Network (LPWAN) technologies have been introduced which have revolutionized the world of IoT. Narrowband Internet of Things (NB-IoT) is one of the protocols that was developed by 3rd Generation Partnership Project (3GPP) in June 2016 to cater the stringent requirements of IoT devices. In this paper, a comprehensive analysis on the features, architecture, signals and channels of NB-IoT is provided. Additionally, a detailed description of the applications of NB-IoT is also presented. Finally, some crucial challenges related to the quality of service (QoS) of NB-IoT are highlighted in this paper. 000162695 540__ $$9info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess$$aby$$uhttps://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/deed.es 000162695 655_4 $$ainfo:eu-repo/semantics/article$$vinfo:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion 000162695 700__ $$0(orcid)0000-0002-5622-9993$$aLopez, Alicia$$uUniversidad de Zaragoza 000162695 700__ $$0(orcid)0000-0001-5849-5198$$aCarro, Pedro Luis$$uUniversidad de Zaragoza 000162695 700__ $$0(orcid)0000-0003-1542-3236$$aLosada, Maria Angeles$$uUniversidad de Zaragoza 000162695 700__ $$aRichards, Dwight 000162695 700__ $$0(orcid)0000-0003-3615-4573$$aAziz, Abdul$$uUniversidad de Zaragoza 000162695 7102_ $$15008$$2800$$aUniversidad de Zaragoza$$bDpto. Ingeniería Electrón.Com.$$cÁrea Teoría Señal y Comunicac. 000162695 7102_ $$15007$$2570$$aUniversidad de Zaragoza$$bDpto. Informát.Ingenie.Sistms.$$cÁrea Lenguajes y Sistemas Inf. 000162695 773__ $$g6 (2025), 6258-6280$$tIEEE Open Journal of the Communications Society$$x2644-125X 000162695 8564_ $$s7804610$$uhttps://zaguan.unizar.es/record/162695/files/texto_completo.pdf$$yVersión publicada 000162695 8564_ $$s2636524$$uhttps://zaguan.unizar.es/record/162695/files/texto_completo.jpg?subformat=icon$$xicon$$yVersión publicada 000162695 909CO $$ooai:zaguan.unizar.es:162695$$particulos$$pdriver 000162695 951__ $$a2025-10-17-14:13:55 000162695 980__ $$aARTICLE