162695 20251017144559.0 doi 10.1109/OJCOMS.2025.3588334 sideral 145307 ART-2025-145307 eng Waseem, Muhammad Universidad de Zaragoza (orcid)0000-0002-2616-3735 Understanding the Potentials of Narrowband Internet of Things (NB-IoT) Cellular Technology: Salient Features, Architecture, Smart Applications and Quality of Service (QoS) Challenges 2025 Access copy available to the general public Unrestricted Since the last decade, the number of Internet of Things (IoT) devices has increased dramatically and to operate them at low power has been a great challenge. Therefore, significant efforts have been made by the researchers to innovate such technologies that may operate the IoT devices at low power. In this context, several Low Power Wide Area Network (LPWAN) technologies have been introduced which have revolutionized the world of IoT. Narrowband Internet of Things (NB-IoT) is one of the protocols that was developed by 3rd Generation Partnership Project (3GPP) in June 2016 to cater the stringent requirements of IoT devices. In this paper, a comprehensive analysis on the features, architecture, signals and channels of NB-IoT is provided. Additionally, a detailed description of the applications of NB-IoT is also presented. Finally, some crucial challenges related to the quality of service (QoS) of NB-IoT are highlighted in this paper. info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess by https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/deed.es info:eu-repo/semantics/article info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion Lopez, Alicia Universidad de Zaragoza (orcid)0000-0002-5622-9993 Carro, Pedro Luis Universidad de Zaragoza (orcid)0000-0001-5849-5198 Losada, Maria Angeles Universidad de Zaragoza (orcid)0000-0003-1542-3236 Richards, Dwight Aziz, Abdul Universidad de Zaragoza (orcid)0000-0003-3615-4573 5008 800 Universidad de Zaragoza Dpto. Ingeniería Electrón.Com. Área Teoría Señal y Comunicac. 5007 570 Universidad de Zaragoza Dpto. Informát.Ingenie.Sistms. Área Lenguajes y Sistemas Inf. 6 (2025), 6258-6280 IEEE Open Journal of the Communications Society 2644-125X 7804610 http://zaguan.unizar.es/record/162695/files/texto_completo.pdf Versión publicada 2636524 http://zaguan.unizar.es/record/162695/files/texto_completo.jpg?subformat=icon icon Versión publicada oai:zaguan.unizar.es:162695 articulos driver 2025-10-17-14:13:55 ARTICLE