000162723 001__ 162723
000162723 005__ 20251017144613.0
000162723 0247_ $$2doi$$a10.1523/JNEUROSCI.1170-25.2025
000162723 0248_ $$2sideral$$a145216
000162723 037__ $$aART-2025-145216
000162723 041__ $$aeng
000162723 100__ $$aDe Havas, Jack
000162723 245__ $$aStopping muscle contractions and relaxations during action inhibition involves global and targeted control dependent on muscle state
000162723 260__ $$c2025
000162723 5060_ $$aAccess copy available to the general public$$fUnrestricted
000162723 5203_ $$aThe mechanisms underpinning the stopping of muscle contractions and relaxations during action inhibition remain unclear. Central stop commands may be targeted and act on task-active muscles only, or instead be global, acting on task-passive muscles as well. We addressed this question in three stop signal task experiments with human participants (n=54; 18 Male, 36 Female). Whilst maintaining baseline force levels (10% MVC) in both index fingers, Go signals required participants to increase or decrease this force in the task-active finger (Task-active Contract vs Task-active Relax) while keeping activity in the task-passive muscle constant. On 30% of trials, delayed stop signals instructed participants to stop the task-active responses. Stop-related activity was detected in task-active muscles at the single trial-level, using electromyography (EMG), and used to determine whether stop-related activity was also present in task-passive muscles. We found that stop commands act on both task-active and task-passive muscles, suggesting global control. This global control was furthermore muscle-state specific, by decreasing muscle activity when stopping contractions, and increasing muscle activity when stopping relaxations. However, stopping muscle contractions involved more sustained suppression of muscle activity in task-active than task-passive muscles, suggesting additional targeted control. This was not the case when stopping muscle relaxations, which only showed evidence of global control. Our results may explain how complex, real-world actions are inhibited. Global stop commands that are sensitive to muscle state may rapidly adjust muscle activity across the body, with additional control targeted to contracting, task-active muscles.
Significance statement: The nature of stop commands sent to the muscles during action inhibition was unclear. We show that action inhibition changes activity in task-passive as well as task-active muscles, suggesting that stop commands are global in nature. Global stop commands were muscle-state specific; they decreased activity when stopping contracting muscles and increased it when stopping relaxing muscles. Evidence for additional targeted commands being sent to task-active muscles (i.e. more sustained suppression than task-passive muscles) was only found when stopping muscle contractions, not when stopping relaxations. Action inhibition may therefore be underpinned by global stop commands that decrease and increase motor output according to whether muscles are contracting or relaxing, with additional targeted commands being sent to suppress contracting, task-active muscles.
000162723 540__ $$9info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess$$aAll rights reserved$$uhttp://www.europeana.eu/rights/rr-f/
000162723 655_4 $$ainfo:eu-repo/semantics/article$$vinfo:eu-repo/semantics/acceptedVersion
000162723 700__ $$0(orcid)0000-0001-8439-151X$$aIbañez, Jaime$$uUniversidad de Zaragoza
000162723 700__ $$aGomi, Hiroaki
000162723 700__ $$aBestmann, Sven
000162723 7102_ $$15008$$2800$$aUniversidad de Zaragoza$$bDpto. Ingeniería Electrón.Com.$$cÁrea Teoría Señal y Comunicac.
000162723 773__ $$g(2025), e1170252025$$pJ. neurosci.$$tJOURNAL OF NEUROSCIENCE$$x0270-6474
000162723 8564_ $$s3517911$$uhttps://zaguan.unizar.es/record/162723/files/texto_completo.pdf$$yPostprint
000162723 8564_ $$s1235724$$uhttps://zaguan.unizar.es/record/162723/files/texto_completo.jpg?subformat=icon$$xicon$$yPostprint
000162723 909CO $$ooai:zaguan.unizar.es:162723$$particulos$$pdriver
000162723 951__ $$a2025-10-17-14:18:11
000162723 980__ $$aARTICLE