000162790 001__ 162790 000162790 005__ 20251017144637.0 000162790 0247_ $$2doi$$a10.3390/app15179485 000162790 0248_ $$2sideral$$a145232 000162790 037__ $$aART-2025-145232 000162790 041__ $$aeng 000162790 100__ $$0(orcid)0000-0001-6952-5655$$aMarques-Lopes, Iva$$uUniversidad de Zaragoza 000162790 245__ $$aOptimizing Vegan Nutrition: Current Challenges and Potential Solutions 000162790 260__ $$c2025 000162790 5060_ $$aAccess copy available to the general public$$fUnrestricted 000162790 5203_ $$aA growing number of scientific and policy institutions recognize predominantly plant-based diets as the most sustainable dietary patterns, for both public health and the environment, and are therefore encouraging citizens to shift their eating habits. Alongside this, more people are adopting vegan or vegetarian diets in response to environmental concerns and animal welfare. In this context, the responsibility for planning nutritionally adequate diets cannot be solely individual, with household solutions, but collective actions are needed at the industrial and agricultural level. Historically, the food industry has improved the nutritional value of animal-derived foods through feed modification and supplementation. Today, similar efforts are needed to enhance the nutrient profile of plant-based foods. In addition, nutrient recommendations originally designed for mixed diets may not be directly applicable to populations following exclusively plant-based diets, given the differences in bioavailability and metabolism. This review aims to (1) identify nutrients that may be absent or present in insufficient amounts in plant-based and especially vegan diets; (2) explore potential solutions, ranging from soil management and crop biofortification to food processing, fortification, and supplementation; and (3) call for a revision of dietary reference intakes that better reflects the specific needs of populations consuming total or predominantly plant-based diets. 000162790 536__ $$9info:eu-repo/grantAgreement/ES/DGA/A06-20R 000162790 540__ $$9info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess$$aby$$uhttps://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/deed.es 000162790 655_4 $$ainfo:eu-repo/semantics/article$$vinfo:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion 000162790 700__ $$aMartínez-Biarge, Miriam 000162790 700__ $$0(orcid)0000-0001-8952-4481$$aMartínez-Pineda, Montserrat$$uUniversidad de Zaragoza 000162790 700__ $$0(orcid)0000-0002-1886-9586$$aMenal-Puey, Susana$$uUniversidad de Zaragoza 000162790 7102_ $$12008$$2640$$aUniversidad de Zaragoza$$bDpto. Produc.Animal Cienc.Ali.$$cÁrea Nutrición Bromatología 000162790 773__ $$g15, 17 (2025), 9485 [18 pp.]$$pAppl. sci.$$tApplied Sciences (Switzerland)$$x2076-3417 000162790 8564_ $$s539680$$uhttps://zaguan.unizar.es/record/162790/files/texto_completo.pdf$$yVersión publicada 000162790 8564_ $$s2481549$$uhttps://zaguan.unizar.es/record/162790/files/texto_completo.jpg?subformat=icon$$xicon$$yVersión publicada 000162790 909CO $$ooai:zaguan.unizar.es:162790$$particulos$$pdriver 000162790 951__ $$a2025-10-17-14:29:59 000162790 980__ $$aARTICLE