000164062 001__ 164062
000164062 005__ 20251121161351.0
000164062 0247_ $$2doi$$a10.1093/eurjpc/zwaf600
000164062 0248_ $$2sideral$$a146187
000164062 037__ $$aART-2025-146187
000164062 041__ $$aeng
000164062 100__ $$aWolters, Maike
000164062 245__ $$aEffects of ambient air pollutants and environmental greenness on the incidence of pre-/hypertension in children and adolescents
000164062 260__ $$c2025
000164062 5060_ $$aAccess copy available to the general public$$fUnrestricted
000164062 5203_ $$aAims
This study estimates long-term effects of air pollution and greenness on the incidence of pre-/hypertension in children and adolescents.
Methods and results
Exposures to particulate matter <2.5 µm (PM2.5), black carbon (BC), and nitrogen dioxide (NO2) at the residential addresses of 2385 children and adolescents of the IDEFICS/I.Family cohort were estimated using land use regression models; environmental greenness was assessed using the Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI). Applying g-computation, we estimated the effects of hypothetical reductions of PM2.5, BC, NO2, and increases of NDVI on the incidence of pre-/hypertension over a 6-year period compared with no intervention. The observed risk of developing pre-/hypertension was 14.4%. We found a dose-dependent relationship showing higher risk reductions when imposing lower hypothetical levels or larger percental reductions for the air pollutants. The largest effects were observed for PM2.5, e.g. reducing PM2.5 to ≤10 μg/m3 lowered the risk of developing pre-/hypertension by −10.7 [−14.1, −5.7; 95% bootstrap CI] percentage points compared with no intervention. Effects of BC reductions were less strong, e.g. −5.3 [−10.2, 1.7] when reducing BC to ≤0.8 × 10−5/m and small (non-significant) effects were found for NO2. Hypothetically increasing NDVI to ≥0.6 lowered the pre-/hypertension risk by −1.5 [−2.9, −0.4]. Sensitivity analyses suggested effects of air pollution mainly on systolic (SBP) but not diastolic blood pressure.
Conclusion
Adherence to recommended levels of air pollutants and increased greenness can help to prevent hypertension among children and adolescents. Efforts to reduce air pollution could thus reduce the cardiovascular disease burden in later life.
000164062 536__ $$9info:eu-repo/grantAgreement/EC/FP7/266044/EU/Determinants of eating behaviour in European children, adolescents and their parents/I.FAMILY$$9info:eu-repo/grantAgreement/EC/H2020/101095426/EU/Fostering a European Research Area for Health Research/ERA4Health$$9This project has received funding from the European Union’s Horizon 2020 research and innovation program under grant agreement No H2020 101095426-ERA4Health
000164062 540__ $$9info:eu-repo/semantics/embargoedAccess$$aAll rights reserved$$uhttp://www.europeana.eu/rights/rr-f/
000164062 655_4 $$ainfo:eu-repo/semantics/article$$vinfo:eu-repo/semantics/submittedVersion
000164062 700__ $$aNagrani, Rajini
000164062 700__ $$aNaaouf, Nour
000164062 700__ $$aDe Henauw, Stefaan
000164062 700__ $$aLissner, Lauren
000164062 700__ $$0(orcid)0000-0003-0454-653X$$aMoreno, Luis A$$uUniversidad de Zaragoza
000164062 700__ $$aMolnár, Dénes
000164062 700__ $$aRusso, Paola
000164062 700__ $$aVrijkotte, Tanja
000164062 700__ $$aAhrens, Wolfgang
000164062 700__ $$aBörnhorst, Claudia
000164062 7102_ $$11006$$2255$$aUniversidad de Zaragoza$$bDpto. Fisiatría y Enfermería$$cÁrea Enfermería
000164062 773__ $$g(2025), [11 pp.]$$pEur. j. prev. cardiol.$$tEuropean Journal of Preventive Cardiology$$x2047-4873
000164062 8564_ $$s710329$$uhttps://zaguan.unizar.es/record/164062/files/texto_completo.pdf$$yPreprint$$zinfo:eu-repo/date/embargoEnd/2026-10-23
000164062 8564_ $$s1364121$$uhttps://zaguan.unizar.es/record/164062/files/texto_completo.jpg?subformat=icon$$xicon$$yPreprint$$zinfo:eu-repo/date/embargoEnd/2026-10-23
000164062 909CO $$ooai:zaguan.unizar.es:164062$$particulos$$pdriver
000164062 951__ $$a2025-11-21-14:25:44
000164062 980__ $$aARTICLE