165942 20260430141017.0 doi 10.1080/00036846.2025.2473112 sideral 143439 ART-2026-143439 eng López-Vila, Eduardo Daniel Universidad de Zaragoza Cross-state disparities in pharmaceutical expenditure in the U.S. 2026 This paper studies the existence of pharmaceutical expenditure disparities among US states and the District of Columbia for a sample that covers 1991–2020 using State of Residence data. The results obtained reject the existence of a single pattern of behaviour in regional pharmaceutical expenditure across the US. Instead, we identify the existence of four convergence clubs. Mixed results were obtained when we disaggregated the data into public and non-public expenditure. We cannot reject the null hypothesis of convergence for public expenditure, but we can reject it for non-public expenditure. The use of a set of local and global statistics to test for spatial autocorrelation show that states with similar expenditures are spatially clustered for total and non-public pharmaceutical expenditures. An analysis of the factors driving the formation of convergence clubs shows a varied picture. For the total pharmaceutical expenditure per capita, we obtained that the unemployment rate, the percentage of females, and physical activity play an important role in explaining the convergence club creation. However, chronic conditions and race also play a crucial role in non-public expenditure. info:eu-repo/grantAgreement/ES/MINECO/PID2020-114646RB-C44 info:eu-repo/grantAgreement/ES/MINECO/PID2023-150095NB-C44 info:eu-repo/semantics/closedAccess All rights reserved http://www.europeana.eu/rights/rr-f/ info:eu-repo/semantics/article info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion Montañés, Antonio Universidad de Zaragoza (orcid)0000-0002-5872-631X Simón-Fernández, María Blanca Universidad de Zaragoza (orcid)0000-0001-6811-1020 4014 225 Universidad de Zaragoza Dpto. Economía Aplicada Área Economía Aplicada 4000 415 Universidad de Zaragoza Dpto. Análisis Económico Área Fund. Análisis Económico 58, 11 (2026), 2058-2075 Appl. econ. Applied Economics 0003-6846 2033013 http://zaguan.unizar.es/record/165942/files/texto_completo.pdf Versión publicada 864421 http://zaguan.unizar.es/record/165942/files/texto_completo.jpg?subformat=icon icon Versión publicada oai:zaguan.unizar.es:165942 articulos driver 2026-04-30-14:05:46 ARTICLE