doi:10.1016/j.smallrumres.2025.107687engManenti, IsabellaToschi, PaolaMiretti, SilviaMiranda-de la Lama, Genaro C.Principles of sheep behaviour: An overview from a welfare perspectiveART-2026-147750The behaviour of sheep, like that of other animals, is the result of a complex interaction between causal mechanisms, their specific function, their development throughout life and their phylogenetic prevalence in the species. Within the domain of animal welfare, behaviour is of paramount importance, as they provide key insights into how individuals cope with environmental challenges and the way these challenges impact their mental states, biological functioning, and species-typical behavioural repertoires. The aim of this review is to critically and narratively examine key aspects of sheep behaviour to enhance the understanding of their biological needs and support improvements in the welfare of sheep raised under different production systems. The review emphasises the fundamental role of sensory systems in animal behaviour and welfare, along with the motivational systems, underlying individual, social, and maternal behaviours. It’s also examines abnormal behaviours in sheep and their implications for human-animal interactions within the production context. The integration of sheep behaviour knowledge with contemporary flock management is strategic to enhance both welfare and productive efficiency. Future research should focus on improving behavioural assessments, improved handling techniques and the possible implementation of precision farming to monitoring sheep behaviour.2026http://zaguan.unizar.es/record/16825610.1016/j.smallrumres.2025.107687http://zaguan.unizar.es/record/168256oai:zaguan.unizar.es:168256Small Ruminant Research 255 (2026), 107687 [13 pp.]by-nc-ndhttps://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/deed.esinfo:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess