168379 20260204153543.0 doi 10.3390/vetsci13020130 sideral 147799 ART-2026-147799 eng Benito, Alfredo A. (orcid)0000-0002-2497-9028 First Detection and Genetic Characterization of Influenza D Virus in Cattle in Spain 2026 Influenza D virus (IDV) and co-circulating respiratory pathogens were investigated using RT-qPCR in 316 samples collected from 210 Spanish cattle farms with bovine respiratory disease (BRD) outbreaks between July 2023 and September 2024. Thirty-eight IDV-positive samples, from 30 farms across 15 provinces throughout Spain, were identified. IDV was significantly more frequent in bronchoalveolar lavage samples (22.1%) and nasal swabs (13.5%) compared to lung tissues (5%) and other sample mixtures (5%). All IDV-positive specimens exhibited co-infections, with most (94.7%) harboring three to seven viral and/or bacterial pathogens, highlighting the complexity of BRD outbreaks. Cramer’s V analysis revealed moderate IDV association with Mycoplasma bovis (V = 0.255) and Pasteurella multocida (V = 0.223), and a weaker IDV-bovine coronavirus association (V = 0.202), while IDV association with Histophilus somni (V = 0.025) and bovine herpesvirus 1 (V = 0.000) was negligible. Partial sequences of the hemagglutinin-esterase (HEF) gene from a subset of 13 IDV-positive samples (Ct < 32) were obtained. This confirmed the presence of the two major genetic lineages detected among cattle in Europe, D/OK and D/660, with D/660 exhibiting higher genetic diversity, as determined by DNAsp 6.12 software. This is the first report of IDV infection in Spanish cattle, confirming the circulation of the D/OK and D/660 lineages within the cattle population. Access copy available to the general public Unrestricted info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess by https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/deed.es info:eu-repo/semantics/article info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion Monteagudo, Luis V. Universidad de Zaragoza (orcid)0000-0003-0210-2919 Lázaro-Gaspar, Sofía Garza-Moreno, Laura Universidad de Zaragoza (orcid)0000-0001-7106-0068 Antón-Baltanás, Nuria Quílez, Joaquín Universidad de Zaragoza (orcid)0000-0001-7831-2483 1001 420 Universidad de Zaragoza Dpto. Anatom.,Embri.Genét.Ani. Área Genética 1009 773 Universidad de Zaragoza Dpto. Patología Animal Área Sanidad Animal 13, 2 (2026), 130 [11 pp.] Veterinary Sciences 2306-7381 800596 http://zaguan.unizar.es/record/168379/files/texto_completo.pdf Versión publicada 2502169 http://zaguan.unizar.es/record/168379/files/texto_completo.jpg?subformat=icon icon Versión publicada oai:zaguan.unizar.es:168379 articulos driver 2026-02-04-13:14:51 ARTICLE