000168536 001__ 168536 000168536 005__ 20260209162330.0 000168536 0247_ $$2doi$$a10.1016/j.scitotenv.2025.181318 000168536 0248_ $$2sideral$$a147974 000168536 037__ $$aART-2026-147974 000168536 041__ $$aeng 000168536 100__ $$aBirre, Déborah 000168536 245__ $$aDrivers of alpine-treeline-ecotone dynamics in the Pyrenees 000168536 260__ $$c2026 000168536 5203_ $$aAim While alpine-treeline ecotones are expected to shift upwards and densify under climate warming, observed dynamics vary across mountain ranges. Most studies focus solely on elevational shifts, yet different dimensions may respond to different drivers—limiting our ability to predict ecosystem responses. We examined multiple aspects of treeline ecotone changes (elevational shifts, spatial-pattern changes, and infilling) in the temperate mountain range of the Pyrenees, focusing on the eastern French sector, and uncovered interactions between climate, topography, land use, and lithology at different spatial scales. Methods We studied 626 treeline ecotones in the eastern French Pyrenees to examine elevational shifts, spatial-pattern changes, and infilling in relation to climate, land-use, and habitat drivers. Regression and factorial analyses identified key drivers and recurrent environmental combinations affecting treeline ecotone dynamics. Results Three environmental clusters revealed contrasting regional dynamics across the eastern French Pyrenees. Western treeline ecotones showed the strongest upward shift, central treeline ecotones exhibited the highest local infilling, and eastern high-elevation treeline ecotones displayed downward shift and diffuse patterns. Overall, local topography influenced fine-scale infilling, while regional land-use and biogeographic contexts controlled broader treeline ecotone elevational shift, highlighting how different drivers operate at multiple spatial scales. Conclusion Understanding the effects of climate change requires considering multiple dimensions beyond elevational shifts, as each aspect of treeline ecotone dynamics responds differently to drivers operating at different spatial scales. Management strategies should adapt to multi-scale contexts rather than uniform approaches, particularly where treeline ecotone structure indicates scale-dependent processes. 000168536 536__ $$9info:eu-repo/grantAgreement/ES/MICINN/RYC2021-034330-I 000168536 540__ $$9info:eu-repo/semantics/closedAccess$$aAll rights reserved$$uhttp://www.europeana.eu/rights/rr-f/ 000168536 655_4 $$ainfo:eu-repo/semantics/article$$vinfo:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion 000168536 700__ $$aFeuillet, Thierry 000168536 700__ $$aMilian, Johan 000168536 700__ $$aTheureaux, Olivier 000168536 700__ $$aPassy, Paul 000168536 700__ $$0(orcid)0000-0001-7663-1202$$aSerrano-Notivoli, Roberto$$uUniversidad de Zaragoza 000168536 700__ $$aBarbaro, Luc 000168536 700__ $$aVignal, Matthieu 000168536 700__ $$aBader, Maaike Y. 000168536 7102_ $$13006$$2430$$aUniversidad de Zaragoza$$bDpto. Geograf. Ordenac.Territ.$$cÁrea Geografía Física 000168536 773__ $$g1013 (2026), 181318 [12 pp.]$$pSci. total environ.$$tSCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT$$x0048-9697 000168536 8564_ $$s6438565$$uhttps://zaguan.unizar.es/record/168536/files/texto_completo.pdf$$yVersión publicada$$zinfo:eu-repo/date/embargoEnd/2028-01-06 000168536 8564_ $$s1977989$$uhttps://zaguan.unizar.es/record/168536/files/texto_completo.jpg?subformat=icon$$xicon$$yVersión publicada$$zinfo:eu-repo/date/embargoEnd/2028-01-06 000168536 909CO $$ooai:zaguan.unizar.es:168536$$particulos$$pdriver 000168536 951__ $$a2026-02-09-14:42:58 000168536 980__ $$aARTICLE