000168576 001__ 168576 000168576 005__ 20260211123813.0 000168576 0247_ $$2doi$$a10.1016/j.measurement.2026.120619 000168576 0248_ $$2sideral$$a148024 000168576 037__ $$aART-2026-148024 000168576 041__ $$aeng 000168576 100__ $$0(orcid)0000-0003-0365-6702$$aAparicio-Téllez, Raúl$$uUniversidad de Zaragoza 000168576 245__ $$aExploiting nonlinear oscillator dynamics for on-chip thermal sensing 000168576 260__ $$c2026 000168576 5060_ $$aAccess copy available to the general public$$fUnrestricted 000168576 5203_ $$aReal-time monitoring of temperature in FPGAs is crucial to ensure system reliability, as local temperature variations can affect their performance. For these purposes, virtual temperature sensors such as Ring Oscillator (RO)-based sensors are widely used. However, efficiently implementing them with a minimal number of Look-Up Tables (LUTs) remains a significant challenge. In this paper, we propose a novel temperature sensor architecture based on nonlinear oscillators, implemented on a 28 nm Artix-7 FPGA. The proposed approach minimizes the usage of FPGA resources while maintaining accurate thermal sensing. As a result, several nonlinear oscillators are analyzed, achieving better sensitivity (0.020%/°C) over a 25 % wider temperature range compared to other RO-based temperature sensors reported in the literature for the 28 nm technology node. These results highlight the potential of these oscillators as efficient, low-resource alternatives for real-time thermal monitoring in FPGA. 000168576 536__ $$9info:eu-repo/grantAgreement/ES/AEI/PID2020-114110RA-I00$$9info:eu-repo/grantAgreement/ES/AEI/PID2023-150244OB-I00$$9info:eu-repo/grantAgreement/ES/MICIU/PDC2023-145838-I00 000168576 540__ $$9info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess$$aby$$uhttps://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/deed.es 000168576 655_4 $$ainfo:eu-repo/semantics/article$$vinfo:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion 000168576 700__ $$0(orcid)0000-0001-8648-6248$$aGarcia-Bosque, Miguel$$uUniversidad de Zaragoza 000168576 700__ $$0(orcid)0000-0001-9131-0861$$aDiez-Señorans, Guillermo 000168576 700__ $$0(orcid)0000-0003-0182-7723$$aCelma, Santiago$$uUniversidad de Zaragoza 000168576 7102_ $$15008$$2250$$aUniversidad de Zaragoza$$bDpto. Ingeniería Electrón.Com.$$cÁrea Electrónica 000168576 773__ $$g268 (2026), 120619 [11 pp.]$$pMeasurement$$tMEASUREMENT$$x0263-2241 000168576 8564_ $$s2184511$$uhttps://zaguan.unizar.es/record/168576/files/texto_completo.pdf$$yVersión publicada 000168576 8564_ $$s2746969$$uhttps://zaguan.unizar.es/record/168576/files/texto_completo.jpg?subformat=icon$$xicon$$yVersión publicada 000168576 909CO $$ooai:zaguan.unizar.es:168576$$particulos$$pdriver 000168576 951__ $$a2026-02-11-10:27:32 000168576 980__ $$aARTICLE