000168636 001__ 168636
000168636 005__ 20260212205631.0
000168636 0247_ $$2doi$$a10.1016/j.pld.2025.12.015
000168636 0248_ $$2sideral$$a148097
000168636 037__ $$aART-2026-148097
000168636 041__ $$aeng
000168636 100__ $$0(orcid)0000-0003-0865-9929$$aDecena, María de los Ángeles$$uUniversidad de Zaragoza
000168636 245__ $$aA Palearctic divide, niche conservatism and host-fungal endophyte interactions shaped the phylogeography of the grass Brachypodium sylvaticum
000168636 260__ $$c2026
000168636 5060_ $$aAccess copy available to the general public$$fUnrestricted
000168636 5203_ $$aBrachypodium sylvaticum is a perennial woodland grass selected as a model species for perenniality, which is widely distributed across the Palearctic. This plant forms a symbiosis with the endophytic fungus Epichloë sylvatica. Despite its widespread distribution and ecological importance, the evolutionary history of the B. sylvaticum complex and the role of its fungal symbiont remain poorly understood, and no integrative phylogeographic study of the grass-endophyte holobionts has been conducted to date. We hypothesize that niche dynamics and host-fungal interactions shaped the diversification and current distribution of the complex. We integrate whole-genome phylogenomics, plastome analysis, environmental niche modeling (ENM), and coevolutionary analyses to investigate the diversification of B. sylvaticum and its fungal symbiont. Using 94 representative individuals spanning Eurasia and North Africa, we recovered two deeply divergent sister lineages (Eastern and Western Palearctic), with cytonuclear discordances suggesting historical plastid capture events in the western group. Admixture analysis revealed four genetic clusters, including signatures of secondary contact and hybridization in the Western lineage. Filtered ITS sequences of E. sylvatica recovered from holobiont genome skimming reads enabled phylogenetic reconstruction, revealing two fungal clades that broadly mirror their host's evolutionary history in the West. Parafit and Procrustes Application to Cophylogenetic (PACO) analyses supported partial co-divergence between hosts and endophytes. ENM projections identified climatically stable glacial refugia for both B. sylvaticum main lineages during the Last Glacial Maximum and asymmetric postglacial expansion, with moderate niche shifts in the West and stronger turnover in the East. Evidence of niche overlap and similarity indicated niche conservatism among clades, suggesting that geographic isolation, rather than adaptive divergence, was the primary driver of lineage splitting. IBD and IBE patterns significantly influenced divergences in the Western, but not the Eastern, group, highlighting contrasting demographic and ecological dynamics. Our results provide the first evidence of coevolutionary and ecological structuring in B. sylvaticum–E. sylvatica holobionts across their Western native range, highlighting how this ubiquitous host–endophyte association may have contributed to the ecological success, persistence, and expansion of the complex under Quaternary climatic fluctuations.
000168636 536__ $$9info:eu-repo/grantAgreement/ES/MICINN/PDC2022- 133712-I00$$9info:eu-repo/grantAgreement/ES/MICINN/PID2022-140074NB-I00$$9info:eu-repo/grantAgreement/EUR/MICINN/TED2021-131073B-I00
000168636 540__ $$9info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess$$aby-nc-nd$$uhttps://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/deed.es
000168636 655_4 $$ainfo:eu-repo/semantics/article$$vinfo:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion
000168636 700__ $$aCampos-Cáceres, Miguel
000168636 700__ $$aCalderón-Pardo, Diana
000168636 700__ $$0(orcid)0000-0002-9012-8627$$aShiposha, Valeriia
000168636 700__ $$aOlonova, Marina
000168636 700__ $$0(orcid)0000-0002-8731-1009$$aPérez-Collazos, Ernesto$$uUniversidad de Zaragoza
000168636 700__ $$0(orcid)0000-0001-7793-5259$$aCatalán, Pilar$$uUniversidad de Zaragoza
000168636 7102_ $$15011$$2063$$aUniversidad de Zaragoza$$bDpto. CC.Agrar.y Medio Natural$$cÁrea Botánica
000168636 773__ $$g(2026), [17 pp.]$$tPlant Diversity$$x2096-2703
000168636 8564_ $$s12130331$$uhttps://zaguan.unizar.es/record/168636/files/texto_completo.pdf$$yVersión publicada
000168636 8564_ $$s2751378$$uhttps://zaguan.unizar.es/record/168636/files/texto_completo.jpg?subformat=icon$$xicon$$yVersión publicada
000168636 909CO $$ooai:zaguan.unizar.es:168636$$particulos$$pdriver
000168636 951__ $$a2026-02-12-20:38:27
000168636 980__ $$aARTICLE