000169398 001__ 169398
000169398 005__ 20260225153354.0
000169398 0247_ $$2doi$$a10.3390/app16041844
000169398 0248_ $$2sideral$$a148328
000169398 037__ $$aART-2026-148328
000169398 041__ $$aeng
000169398 100__ $$0(orcid)0000-0003-4813-4668$$aFernández, Gregorio
000169398 245__ $$aPractical considerations for the development of two-stage deterministic EMS (CLOUD–EDGE) to mitigate forecast error impact on the objective function
000169398 260__ $$c2026
000169398 5060_ $$aAccess copy available to the general public$$fUnrestricted
000169398 5203_ $$aThe growing penetration of Distributed Energy Resources (DERs)—such as photovoltaic generation, battery energy storage, electric vehicles, hydrogen technologies and flexible loads—requires advanced Energy Management Systems (EMS) capable of coordinating their operation and leveraging controllability to optimize microgrid performance and enable flexibility provision to the grid. When the physical, electrical, and economic system model is properly defined, the main sources of performance degradation typically arise from forecast uncertainty and temporal discretization effects, which propagate into sub-optimal schedules and infeasible setpoints. This paper proposes and tests a two-stage deterministic EMS architecture featuring rolling-horizon planning at an upper layer and fast local setpoint adaptation at a lower layer, jointly to reduce the impact of forecast errors and other uncertainties on the objective function. The first stage can be deployed either on the edge or in the cloud, depending on computational requirements, whereas the second stage is executed locally, close to the physical assets, to ensure timely corrective action. In the simulated cloud-executed planning case, moving from hourly to 15 min granularity improves the objective value from −49.39€ to −72.12€, corresponding to an approximate 46% reduction in operating cost. In our case study, the proposed second-stage local adaptation can reduce the mean absolute error (MAE) of the EMS performance loss by approximately 50% compared with applying the first-stage schedule without local correction. Results show that this two-stage hierarchical EMS effectively limits objective-function degradation while preserving operational efficiency and robustness.
000169398 536__ $$9info:eu-repo/grantAgreement/EC/HORIZON EUROPE/101096192 /EU/REplicable, interoperable, cross-sector solutions and Energy services for demand side FLEXibility markets
000169398 540__ $$9info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess$$aby$$uhttps://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/deed.es
000169398 655_4 $$ainfo:eu-repo/semantics/article$$vinfo:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion
000169398 700__ $$0(orcid)0000-0001-7407-0608$$aSanz Osorio, J. F.$$uUniversidad de Zaragoza
000169398 700__ $$0(orcid)0000-0001-5996-2755$$aRocca, Roberto
000169398 700__ $$aLuengo-Baranguan, Luis
000169398 700__ $$0(orcid)0000-0003-3448-6830$$aTorres, Miguel$$uUniversidad de Zaragoza
000169398 7102_ $$15009$$2535$$aUniversidad de Zaragoza$$bDpto. Ingeniería Eléctrica$$cÁrea Ingeniería Eléctrica
000169398 773__ $$g16, 4 (2026), 1844 [31 pp.]$$pAppl. sci.$$tApplied Sciences (Switzerland)$$x2076-3417
000169398 8564_ $$s1445328$$uhttps://zaguan.unizar.es/record/169398/files/texto_completo.pdf$$yVersión publicada
000169398 8564_ $$s2430574$$uhttps://zaguan.unizar.es/record/169398/files/texto_completo.jpg?subformat=icon$$xicon$$yVersión publicada
000169398 909CO $$ooai:zaguan.unizar.es:169398$$particulos$$pdriver
000169398 951__ $$a2026-02-25-14:58:34
000169398 980__ $$aARTICLE