000170001 001__ 170001
000170001 005__ 20260316092629.0
000170001 0247_ $$2doi$$a10.1109/TNSRE.2026.3661849
000170001 0248_ $$2sideral$$a148556
000170001 037__ $$aART-2026-148556
000170001 041__ $$aeng
000170001 100__ $$aKharboush, Rita
000170001 245__ $$aTranscutaneous spinal cord stimulation provides sensations to the missing hand of individuals with upper limb amputation
000170001 260__ $$c2026
000170001 5060_ $$aAccess copy available to the general public$$fUnrestricted
000170001 5203_ $$aRestoring sensory function post amputation remains a major challenge. Peripheral nerve stimulation and targeted reinnervation may partially restore somatotopic feedback, but their need for surgery hinders widespread adoption. Here, we investigate the feasibility of transcutaneous spinal cord stimulation (tSCS) as a non-invasive approach for sensory restoration in upper-limb amputees. In a study involving seventeen able-bodied participants and five individuals with upper-limb amputation, we show that tSCS can evoke a range of sensations, including touch, tapping, vibration, and movement, perceived as originating from the missing limb. Notably, these perceptions were primarily isolated to the missing limb and absent in the residual limb in 98% of trials. Participants with amputations found tSCS tolerable, with some reporting increased comfort during stimulation. tSCS evoked sensations in the fingertips of 93% of able-bodied participants, though these were mainly paraesthetic. We further characterised how stimulation parameters, including electrode placement, carrier frequency, and burst frequency, modulated the quality and type of perceived sensations. Additionally, we show that tSCS maintained force proprioception necessary for effective prosthesis control. These findings support the potential of tSCS as a non-invasive sensory feedback approach for upper-limb prosthesis users.
000170001 536__ $$9info:eu-repo/grantAgreement/EC/HORIZON EUROPE/101077693/EU/Extracting the Human Motor Null Space from Muscles - A new framework to measure human neural activity/ECHOES$$9info:eu-repo/grantAgreement/ES/MICINN/PID2022-138585OA-C32
000170001 540__ $$9info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess$$aby$$uhttps://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/deed.es
000170001 655_4 $$ainfo:eu-repo/semantics/article$$vinfo:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion
000170001 700__ $$aPascual Valdunciel, Alejandro$$uUniversidad de Zaragoza
000170001 700__ $$aBoesendorfer, Anna
000170001 700__ $$aBaumgartner, Benedikt
000170001 700__ $$aAszmann, Oskar C.
000170001 700__ $$0(orcid)0000-0001-8439-151X$$aIbáñez Pereda, Jaime$$uUniversidad de Zaragoza
000170001 700__ $$aFarina, Dario
000170001 7102_ $$15008$$2800$$aUniversidad de Zaragoza$$bDpto. Ingeniería Electrón.Com.$$cÁrea Teoría Señal y Comunicac.
000170001 773__ $$g34 (2026), 1119-1130$$pIEEE trans. neural syst. rehabil. eng.$$tIEEE TRANSACTIONS ON NEURAL SYSTEMS AND REHABILITATION ENGINEERING$$x1534-4320
000170001 8564_ $$s1570451$$uhttps://zaguan.unizar.es/record/170001/files/texto_completo.pdf$$yVersión publicada
000170001 8564_ $$s3771950$$uhttps://zaguan.unizar.es/record/170001/files/texto_completo.jpg?subformat=icon$$xicon$$yVersión publicada
000170001 909CO $$ooai:zaguan.unizar.es:170001$$particulos$$pdriver
000170001 951__ $$a2026-03-16-08:16:36
000170001 980__ $$aARTICLE