170026 20260316092629.0 doi 10.1016/j.aeue.2026.156248 sideral 148583 ART-2026-148583 eng Aznar, Francisco Universidad de Zaragoza (orcid)0000-0003-3629-0540 Orthonormal splitting of RMS phase error in digitally controlled phase shifters 2026 Traditionally, the RMS phase error has been the standard metric for assessing the quality of phase shifters used in phased-array beamforming antennas. However, this metric fails to isolate the different effects on the radiation pattern. This work proposes three novel metrics to provide a more nuanced analysis of digitally controlled phase shifters. These metrics, denoted as Beam Steering Error, Null Quality Error, and Side-Lobe Level Error, target specific performance characteristics of the radiation pattern. They are defined for any bit resolution, enabling the decomposition of the RMS phase error into three distinct components, each providing valuable insights into the performance of linear phased arrays. The limitations of conventional RMS phase error analysis are demonstrated, and the advantages of these new metrics are validated through a case study involving a 5-bit architecture implemented in a 65-nm CMOS process, as well as other phase shifters reported in the literature. Access copy available to the general public Unrestricted info:eu-repo/grantAgreement/ES/AEI/PID2020-114110RA-I00 info:eu-repo/grantAgreement/ES/AEI/PID2023-150244OB-I00 info:eu-repo/grantAgreement/ES/UZ/CUD2025-01 info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess by https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/deed.es info:eu-repo/semantics/article info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion Esteban-Eraso, Uxua Universidad de Zaragoza Martínez-Pérez, Antonio D. (orcid)0000-0001-5402-1251 Fernández, Roque Universidad de Zaragoza Celma, Santiago Universidad de Zaragoza (orcid)0000-0003-0182-7723 5008 250 Universidad de Zaragoza Dpto. Ingeniería Electrón.Com. Área Electrónica 208 (2026), 156248 [7 p.] AEU, Int. j. electron. commun. AEU-INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ELECTRONICS AND COMMUNICATIONS 1434-8411 3031393 http://zaguan.unizar.es/record/170026/files/texto_completo.pdf Versión publicada 2480427 http://zaguan.unizar.es/record/170026/files/texto_completo.jpg?subformat=icon icon Versión publicada oai:zaguan.unizar.es:170026 articulos driver 2026-03-16-08:17:04 ARTICLE