000170079 001__ 170079
000170079 005__ 20260316092630.0
000170079 0247_ $$2doi$$a10.1016/j.impact.2025.100608
000170079 0248_ $$2sideral$$a148605
000170079 037__ $$aART-2025-148605
000170079 041__ $$aeng
000170079 100__ $$aBakir, Mariam
000170079 245__ $$aImpact of titanium dioxide and cerium dioxide nanoparticle mixtures on the green alga Raphidocelis subcapitata
000170079 260__ $$c2025
000170079 5060_ $$aAccess copy available to the general public$$fUnrestricted
000170079 5203_ $$aEngineered nanoparticles (NPs) occur as mixtures in the environment, making the study of their combined toxicity more realistic than the assessment of individual NPs. Interactions between NPs can alter toxicity profiles, producing synergistic, antagonistic, or additive effects, yet current environmental assessments often overlook these cocktail effects. This study investigated the effects of titanium dioxide NPs (TiO2-NPs) and cerium dioxide NPs (CeO2-NPs) mixtures on the green alga Raphidocelis subcapitata compared individual NP exposures. Four mixtures with varying NP ratios were designed based on the toxicity units (TUs) concept and EC₅₀ growthinhibition values for TiO2-NPs of 28.3 ± 1.16 mg L− 1 , and EC50 for CeO2-NPs of 13.6 ± 0.57 mg L− 1 . Growth inhibition, reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation, and membrane damage were assessed using flow cytometry (FCM), while uptake was analyzed by single-cell inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (SC-ICP-MS).
Single-particle (SP) -ICP-MS distinguished NP size distribution and dissolution in mixtures. Results revealed antagonistic interactions in mixtures, with growth inhibition lower than expected based on
individual treatments. The difference between predicted and measured TUs in the mixture treatments, used as a measure for the extent of antagonistic interaction ranged from 0.66 to 1.76. Cells with elevated ROS generation showed a two- to four-fold reduction in the mixtures versus single NP treatments. SC-ICP-MS indicated reduced bioavailability of NPs in mixtures: intracellular TiO₂-NP content decreased from 15.7 to 24.3 fg cell− 1 (single) to
12.9–15.9 fg cell− 1 (mixture), and CeO₂-NP content dropped from 3.6 to 8.6 fg cell− 1 to 2.7–3.8 fg cell− 1 . This study demonstrates the importance of assessing NP mixture toxicity using advanced single-event techniques,
such as FCM, SP- and SC-ICP-MS, to discriminate the fate and bioavailability of NPs present in mixtures and to better understand their environmental impacts.
000170079 536__ $$9info:eu-repo/grantAgreement/ES/DGA/E29-23R$$9info:eu-repo/grantAgreement/ES/MICINN/PID2021-123203OB-I00$$9info:eu-repo/grantAgreement/ES/NextGenerationEU/MZ-240621
000170079 540__ $$9info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess$$aby$$uhttps://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/deed.es
000170079 655_4 $$ainfo:eu-repo/semantics/article$$vinfo:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion
000170079 700__ $$0(orcid)0000-0002-4169-0357$$aAbad-Alvaro, Isabel$$uUniversidad de Zaragoza
000170079 700__ $$0(orcid)0000-0002-7931-3901$$aLaborda, Francisco$$uUniversidad de Zaragoza
000170079 700__ $$aSlaveykova, Vera I.
000170079 7102_ $$12009$$2750$$aUniversidad de Zaragoza$$bDpto. Química Analítica$$cÁrea Química Analítica
000170079 773__ $$g41 (2025), 100608 [10 pp.]$$tNanoImpact$$x2452-0748
000170079 8564_ $$s2245974$$uhttps://zaguan.unizar.es/record/170079/files/texto_completo.pdf$$yVersión publicada
000170079 8564_ $$s2516365$$uhttps://zaguan.unizar.es/record/170079/files/texto_completo.jpg?subformat=icon$$xicon$$yVersión publicada
000170079 909CO $$ooai:zaguan.unizar.es:170079$$particulos$$pdriver
000170079 951__ $$a2026-03-16-08:18:13
000170079 980__ $$aARTICLE