000170381 001__ 170381 000170381 005__ 20260420103354.0 000170381 0247_ $$2doi$$a10.1111/csp2.70262 000170381 0248_ $$2sideral$$a148917 000170381 037__ $$aART-2026-148917 000170381 041__ $$aeng 000170381 100__ $$aNores, Carlos 000170381 245__ $$aThe conservation management of European bison requires strong evidence and careful risk assessment: A response to “Comment: Nores et al. (2024) fail in their attempt to demonstrate the inappropriateness of an eventual introduction of the European bison to Spain as a rewilding initiative 000170381 260__ $$c2026 000170381 5060_ $$aAccess copy available to the general public$$fUnrestricted 000170381 5203_ $$aWe thank Bartolomé and colleagues for their interest in our recent article, “Rewilding through inappropriate species introduction: The case of European bison in Spain” (Nores et al., 2024). Our work critically evaluated the proposal to introduce European bison (Bison bonasus) into the Iberian Peninsula, considering ecological, biogeographical, conservation, and legal aspects. The reply by Bartolomé et al. presents alternative hypotheses but does not challenge our conclusions with new evidence. Our position relied on what the available data show and on the convergence of paleontological, ecological, climatic, and legal evidence (Nores et al., 2024). In contrast, Bartolomé and colleagues rely on hypothetical scenarios of the presence of European bison in Iberia, such as possible Holocene extinctions or preliminary sedaDNA signals (Gelabert et al., 2025), which, while intriguing, do not offer conclusive support for past presence of extant European bison in Iberia. 000170381 540__ $$9info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess$$aby$$uhttps://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/deed.es 000170381 655_4 $$ainfo:eu-repo/semantics/article$$vinfo:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion 000170381 700__ $$aÁlvarez-Laó, Diego 000170381 700__ $$aNavarro, Alberto 000170381 700__ $$aPérez-Barbería, Francisco Javier 000170381 700__ $$aCastaños, Pedro María 000170381 700__ $$aCastaños de la Fuente, Jone 000170381 700__ $$aMorales Muñiz, Arturo 000170381 700__ $$aAzorit, Concepción 000170381 700__ $$aMuñoz-Cobo, Joaquín 000170381 700__ $$aFernández Delgado, Carlos 000170381 700__ $$aGranado Lorencio, Carlos 000170381 700__ $$aPalmqvist, Paul 000170381 700__ $$aSoriguer, Ramón 000170381 700__ $$aDelibes, Miguel 000170381 700__ $$aVilà, Montserrat 000170381 700__ $$aSimón, Miguel 000170381 700__ $$aCabezudo, Baltasar 000170381 700__ $$aGalán, Carmen 000170381 700__ $$aGarcía-Berthou, Emili 000170381 700__ $$aAlmodóvar, Ana 000170381 700__ $$aElvira, Benigno 000170381 700__ $$aBrufao Curiel, Pedro 000170381 700__ $$aCasinos, Adriá 000170381 700__ $$0(orcid)0000-0001-8273-3141$$aHerrero, Juan$$uUniversidad de Zaragoza 000170381 7102_ $$15011$$2220$$aUniversidad de Zaragoza$$bDpto. CC.Agrar.y Medio Natural$$cÁrea Ecología 000170381 773__ $$g8, 4 (2026), e70262 [5 p.]$$pConserv. sci. pract.$$tConservation science and practice$$x2578-4854 000170381 8564_ $$s2308561$$uhttps://zaguan.unizar.es/record/170381/files/texto_completo.pdf$$yVersión publicada 000170381 8564_ $$s2061886$$uhttps://zaguan.unizar.es/record/170381/files/texto_completo.jpg?subformat=icon$$xicon$$yVersión publicada 000170381 909CO $$ooai:zaguan.unizar.es:170381$$particulos$$pdriver 000170381 951__ $$a2026-04-18-10:48:26 000170381 980__ $$aARTICLE